温室效应及其生态影响综述

温室效应是目前全球性的环境问题 ,本文介绍了温室效应的机理和温室气体的来源 ,分析了温室效应的主要生态影响 ,并探讨了减缓温室效应的措施。     

扩散法测定环境空气中的二氧化硫

介绍了利用自制分子扩散式个体采样器 ,监测环境空气中的二氧化硫的方法 ,该方法改 PRA光度法为离子色谱法 ,提高了方法的灵敏度。经实验室性能评价能够满足实验室测试的要求。并经有动力的溶液吸收管法现场对比测试 ,两种测试方法结果一致     

Ag/Al2O3催化剂用于碳氢化合物选择性还原NO

比较了富氧条件下CH4、C3H8、C3H6和C2H5OH分别用作还原剂时,NO在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上的还原活性.结果表明, CH4和C3H8还原NO的活性很低,而C3H6和C2H5OH能有效地还原NO.在此基础上,研究了H2O和SO2对C3H6和C2H5OH在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上还原NO活性的影响.结果表明,H2O的存在会降低低温区的NO还原活性,而且这种影响是可逆的.将H2O 和SO2同时加入反应混合气,引起NO还原活性较大幅度降低,结合程序升温脱附实验结果,认为可能是由于存在SO2时,Ag/Al2O3催化剂吸附NO的能力降低.     

工业废石膏在地基加固中的应用

研究和实践表明:工业废石膏与水泥配合加固软土地基,与单用水泥加固相比,加固土强度可以成倍提高。废石膏的最佳掺量一般为水泥用量的20%左右。用废石膏水泥加固时,其水化物不仅有与水泥相同的水化硅酸钙将松散的土粒胶结成整体,而且还产生钙矾石,其晶体膨胀填充孙隙使加固土强度进一步提高。利用废石膏加固地基不会产生二次污染。     

SO2污染对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发作用

在SO2吸入慢性染毒条件下,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）的微核细胞率与微核率均显著增加,且雌雄差异显著。结果也表明,SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦航发微核的作用有显著抑制效应。本研究模拟SO2空气污染,从整体水平直接证实了SO2是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂、SO2与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的结论。     

不同DSA类阳极催化降解苯胺的试验研究

很多工业都产生苯胺废水。本文用新兴的电化学催化系统 ,采用特殊工艺自制的两种 DSA类电极作为阳极 ,对自配的苯胺溶液进行了降解处理 ,并得出了本试验范围内的最佳条件。     

模拟酸雨对浙东北红壤中盐基离子和铝的淋失影响研究

通过对浙江省东北部杭州至宁波地区两个红壤剖面的模拟酸雨淋溶实验研究表明，随着时间的延续，盐基离子的淋失浓度会在某一时期出现一个峰值。该峰值的出现与酸雨的ｐＨ值并不简单相关，Ａｌ＾３＋的淋失浓度只是在酸雨ｐＨ值＝２．５左右才显增高并在淋出液ｐＨ＝４．０时有一个阈值，经ｐＨ＝２．５－３．０模拟酸雨１０余年降水量的淋溶，红壤中淋出液的ｐＨ值下降不超过０．８。     

南方山丘水库种草养鱼防淤减积综合利用的研究

在长沙县百倍冲水库进行多年的试验研究结果表明,开发利用库内长期荒芜的大片消落区种植黑麦草;荒山堤坝上种植扁穗牛鞭草、岸杂一号狗牙根、皇草、幼林间种植鸡脚草、拉丁鲁白三叶等饲草配套养鱼和防止水土流失、防淤减积试验获得成功。库内鲜鱼产量由种草前常年1000kg提高到7000～8000kg,泥砂淤积量每年减少0.516×104m3,经济生态效益显著。     

Experimental and theoretical studies on NO selective catalytic oxidation over α-MnO2

Based on the experimental and theoretical methods, the NO selective catalytic oxidation process was proposed. The experimental results indicated that lattice oxygen was the active site for NO oxide over the $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface. In the theoretical study, DFT (density functional theory) and periodic slab modeling were performed on an $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface, and two possible NO oxidation mechanisms over the surface were proposed. The non-defect $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface showed the highest stability, and the surface O_s (the second layer oxygen atoms) position was the most active and stable site. O₂ molecule enhanced the joint adsorption process of two NO molecules. The reaction process, including O₂ dissociation and O=N-O-O-N=O formation, was calculated to carry out the NO catalytic oxidation mechanism over $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110). The results showed that NO oxidation over the $\mathrm{\alpha }$-MnO₂(110) surface exhibited the greatest possibility following the route of O=N-O-O-N=O formation. Meanwhile, the formation of O=N-O-O-N=O was the rate-determining step.     

2-Chlorophenol oxidation kinetic by photo-assisted Fenton process

Experimental data are presented to test and validate a kinetic model for the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol wastewater by photo-assisted Fenton process. The data showed that this process had produced good effects under acidic conductions. Up to 90% 2-chlorophenol was removed after 90-minute reaction time with H2O2 of 25% CODCr. in, while in UV/H2O2 system ordy 16.8% 2-chlorophenol was removed after one hour treatment. The optimal pH in this reaction occurred between pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. The reaction kinetics for photo-assisted Fenton process experimented in this research was investigated. Kinetic models were proposed for the treatment of 2-chlorophenol wastewater. The reaction was found to follow the 2nd order. The equations of reaction kinetics are as follows:-d[RH]/dt=KRH[RH][H2O2]0exp(-KH2o2t);-d[CODCr]/dt=KCODCr[CODCr][H2O2]0exp(-K′t).The prediction of the models was found to be in a good agreement with experimental results, thus confimfing the proposed reaction mechanism.