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291.
通过室内模拟实验,研究了不同浓度TCE污染对小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤呼吸率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,较高浓度TCE对小麦叶绿素的合成存在着抑制作用,且抑制作用随着浓度的升高而增强。SOD与CAT活性随着TCE浓度的增加不同程度地表现出先升高后降低的趋势。TCE对土壤过氧化氢酶的抑制作用随着时间的推移能够恢复到对照水平,其浓度与酶活性之间的相关性不明显。TCE浓度大于4.00mg/kg时对土壤呼吸率的抑制作用显著,各浓度与土壤呼吸率间的剂量—效应关系明显,且土壤呼吸作用存在抑制—恢复的趋势。 相似文献
292.
293.
Ting Guo Zhipeng Bai Can Wu Tan Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):224-229
TiO2 supported on active carbon fiber (TiO2/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of
environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation
(PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO2/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO2/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of
adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental
risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates
would be accumulated on the TiO2/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T =
25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system.
__________
Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态] 相似文献
294.
295.
The AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst has potential for use in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. A compound hydrocarbon, following
oxygenation is used as a type of reducing agent. In this experiment, the AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst was produced by four different methods,
and the differences among their reduction catalysis of NOx were compared. Ethanol was used as a type of reducing agent. X-ray
diffraction analysis was performed to study the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron
microscope (TEM) were applied to determine the microindentation. The results indicated that, in the range of 350–400°C, there was
no significant difference on the NOx reduction rate; however, there was dispersion at high and low temperature ranges. The size of the
AgCl particles was about 20–100 nm. 相似文献
296.
气液膜接触器分离混合气中CO2过程研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
建立了膜接触器吸收CO2 ,溶液热再生连续循环实验装置 ,评价了疏水性PP(聚丙烯 )微孔膜 ,MDEA(N 甲基二乙醇胺 )溶液及添加活化剂PZ(哌嗪 )的活化MDEA溶液吸收CO2 传质过程。结果表明 :在溶液浓度 2 5mol L ,气速0 5~ 3 0L min,液速 15~ 15 0mL min时 ,总传质系数Kov为 1 0× 10 - 5~ 3 6× 10 - 5m s(MDEA) ,1 6× 10 - 5~ 4 5×10 - 5m s(MDEA +PZ)。采用阻力层无因次关联方程模型预测Kov值 ,计算值和实验值符合较好。基于模型和实验结果 ,将PZ的吸收行为作为溶液的活化作用 ,在计算Kov值时 ,考虑活化作用因素并归结于化学增强因子E中 ,模型能更好地预测实验结果。实验证明在单一醇胺组份MDEA中添加少量PZ能提高总传质系数Kov值 相似文献
297.
以江苏省常州市金坛区为例,借鉴传统LUR模型思路,考虑土壤重金属的源汇关系,加入土壤属性因子,构建LUR-S模型模拟预测了研究区土壤重金属含量空间分布,并与传统LUR模型及普通克里格插值模型结果进行对比,结果表明:(1)研究区土壤重金属含量受到以土地利用为主的源因子及反映重金属在土壤中赋存环境的汇因子的共同影响.就源影响因子而言,土壤Cu、Zn含量分别与2 000 m缓冲区内交通用地面积、2 000 m缓冲区内城市建设用地面积极显著相关(P0.01);就汇影响因子而言,土壤Cr、Cu、Zn含量与OM、Corg、TC、TN极显著相关(P0.01).(2)研究区土壤重金属Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn空间分布预测的LUR-S模型方程R2较传统LUR模型分别提高了0.041、0.406、0.102、0.501,精度检验R2较普通克里格插值模型分别提高了0.147 7、0.011 6、0.231 0、0.081,RMSE较普通克里格插值分别减少了2.413、0.631、1.112、2.138,表明考虑了源汇关系的LUR-S模型预测精度高于传统LUR模型和普通克里格插值模型;(3)LUR-S模型对污染较低、变异较小重金属空间分布预测的适用性较好,而对污染较高、变异较大重金属则较差. 相似文献
298.
对相同进水、平行运行的A2/O与倒置A2/O工艺的冬季氨氮(NH4+-N)去除能力进行了全面解析.在运行水温为14℃时,倒置A2/O工艺表现出更低的NH4+-N容积去除负荷[0.13 kg·(m3·d)-1和0.29 kg·(m3·d)-1]和氨氧化速率(AOR)[0.07 kg·(kg·d)-1和0.11 kg·(kg·d)-1],而26℃时两个工艺则相差无几.两个平行工艺中的氨氧化菌(AOB)种群定量结果几乎始终相等(倒置A2/O工艺为3.2%±0.24%,A2/O工艺为3.4%±0.31%).克隆文库分析的结果表明,造成低温时倒置A2/O工艺中具有较低氨氮去除能力的原因是其AOB优势种属为AOR较慢的慢生型(K-生长策略)亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira),而在A2/O工艺中则为AOR较快的快生型(r-生长策略)亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas);而在26℃环境下两个工艺中的优势种属则均为Nitrosomonas.结合对污染物沿程去除过程的全面分析,发现尽管温度是决定AOB优势种属演替的首要原因,但由于倒置A2/O的工艺结构变化造成其好氧单元具有较高的COD负荷和高NH4+-N浓度等不利于AOB生长的因素,决定了其可以在常规城市污水的条件下出现K-生长策略型的优势AOB种属.因此倒置A2/O针对异养菌(聚磷菌与反硝化菌)的工艺构造变化却通过COD负荷等间接影响到自养型氨氧化菌的种群分布与演替,并最终造成工艺在低温条件下硝化能力的减弱. 相似文献
299.
The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r = 0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, α = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding catio... 相似文献
300.
Spatial variability of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) in surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ZHANG Hong-yan GAO Ru-tai HUANG Yuan-fang JIA Xiao-hong JIANG Shu-ren 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):194-199
The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs (including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-isomers) and total DDTs (i ncluding p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT) in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13,respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade (50 μg/kg) permitted in "Environment quality standard for soils in China (GB15618-1995)". This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS (513).Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs,DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing. 相似文献