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341.
为研究负温对桩侧应力及桩间土拱效应的影响,通过FLAC3D软件模拟热力耦合作用下新型排桩冻结法中桩间土拱效应的变化及温度效应下的桩间距,并根据巴霍尔金单排管冻结稳态温度场解析解,建立冻结壁平均温度区域解。研究结果表明:桩土接触面的应力分量τxy近似线性变化,应力分量σx近似均匀分布,温度降低对应力分量τxy的分布影响较小,但对应力分量σx的影响较大;负温使桩间距发生变化,且整体平均应力的分布也更加均匀化;通过与巴霍尔金解析解对比,证明单排管冻结温度场模型的可行性,在此基础上建立的单排管冻结壁平均温度区域解,其与数值模拟结果相差不超过1 ℃,计算误差满足工程要求;随着冻结时间的增加,单排管冻结壁温度场呈抛物线形式降低。 相似文献
342.
343.
我国土壤污染风险规制在专家遴选标准、建设用地和农用地污染风险管控要求,以及风险管控措施等方面存在不同程度的行政裁量。社会理性和科学理性的缺失形成了土壤污染风险行政裁量困局。土壤污染信息制度中“适时公开”的规定使得公众缺乏必要污染信息,弱化其参与程度,导致对行政决定合法性的质疑。此外,土壤污染风险管控标准中专家遴选标准和论证规则的欠缺导致土壤污染风险规制科学理性的缺失。为此,需要建构关照事实和规范的协商式行政裁量模式,强调公众的实质性参与以弥合技术理性和公众理性的鸿沟。同时,在程序上确定专家遴选标准和风险管控标准的论证规则以保证土壤污染风险管控的科学性和客观性。在不妨碍行政裁量权灵活性和能动性的前提下,规范行政裁量权的行使,控制行政裁量权的滥用。 相似文献
344.
通过湿法消解土壤样品,利用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法(GAAS)和火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)测定不同土壤样品中铅的含量,以验证2种方法的有效性并加以对比。实验结果表明:2种方法均满足土壤中铅含量的测定要求,测定的标准土样含量均在标准值的不确定度范围内,GAAS方法测定结果更接近保证值。二者的相对标准偏差(RSD)值均低于1.5%,FAAS方法的精密度更高,且具有快速简单等优势。 相似文献
345.
Andrew S. Jones Allan A. Andales Jos L. Chvez Cullen McGovern Garvey E.B. Smith Olaf David Steven J. Fletcher 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2020,56(2):201-211
We apply predictive weather metrics and land model sensitivities to improve the Colorado State University Water Irrigation Scheduler for Efficient Application (WISE). WISE is an irrigation decision aid that integrates environmental and user information for optimizing water use. Rainfall forecasts and verification performance metrics are used to estimate predictive rainfall probabilities that are used as input data within the irrigation decision aid. These input data errors are also used within a land model sensitivity study to diagnose important prognostic water movement behaviors for irrigation tool development purposes simultaneously performing the analysis in space and time. Thus, important questions such as “how long can a crop water application be delayed while maintaining crop yield production?” are addressed by evaluating crop growth stage interactions as a function of soil depth (i.e., space), rainfall events (i.e., time), and their probabilistic uncertainties. Editor’s note : This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
346.
Kumar PR 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):215-233
In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlight an experimental methodology for monitoring contaminant transport through
locally available silty soil and commercially available clay in geotechnical centrifuge models, for different compaction states.
Use of multiple depth sensors to determine depth distribution of sodium chloride in the soil column has been detailed. The
obtained results have been compared with argentometric method. To validate the centrifuge modelling, modelling of models has
been used. The test setup developed can simulate contaminant transport mechanisms through the soil mass, which is approximately
10 m deep, over a period of 600 days. R
e and P
e are found to be N times higher in the centrifuge models. These numbers are found to be several orders less than unity. This indicates that
laminar flow prevails and the dominating Cl− transport mechanism in centrifuge is diffusion. The study also highlights the fact that the geotechnical centrifuge modelling
can be used as a viable alternative to field scale experimentation. 相似文献
347.
Using Ion-Exchange Resins to Study Soil Response to Experimental Watershed Acidification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Szillery JE Fernandez IJ Norton SA Rustad LE White AS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):383-398
Ion-exchange resins (IER) offer alternative approaches to measuring ionic movement in soils that may have advantages over
traditional approaches in some settings, but more information is needed to understand how IER compare with traditional methods
of measurement in forested ecosystems. At the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), one of two paired, forested watersheds
is treated bi-monthly with S and N (28.8 and 25.2kgha−1yr−1 of S and N, respectively). Both IER and ceramic cup tension lysimeters were used to study soil solution responses after ∼11
years of treatment. Results from both methods showed treatments resulted in the mobilization of base cations and Al, and higher
SO4—S and inorganic N in the treated watershed. Both methods indicated similar differences in results associated with forest
type (hardwoods versus softwoods), a result of differences in litter quality and atmospheric aerosol interception capacity.
The correlation between lysimeter and IER data for individual analytes varied greatly. Significant correlations were evident
for Na (r=0.75), Al (r=0.65), Mn (r=0.61), Fe (r=0.57), Ca (r=0.49), K (r=0.41) and NO3—N (r=0.59). No correlation was evident between IER and soil solution data for NH4—N and Pb. Both IER and soil solution techniques suggested similar interpretations of biogeochemical behavior in the watershed. 相似文献
348.
Jaradat QM Massadeh AM Zaitoun MA Maitah BM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):197-210
Chemical and physical size fractionation of heavy metals were carried out on 20 soil samples from the scrap yard area. Tessier
method was used in sequential extraction. Cadmium showed the highest levels among the other elements studied in the exchangeable
fraction (about 33%), while other elements showed low levels in this fraction (≥1%). Lead and manganese were mostly found
in the Fe–Mn oxide fraction, zinc and iron were mostly in residual fraction, while copper was mostly found in the organic
fraction of the soil. Soil samples were size-fractionated into four sizes: 1000–500, 500–125, 125–53, and less than 53 μm.
The highest levels of Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Cd were found in the medium fraction (500–125 μm), while zinc showed its highest
levels in the fine fraction (125–53 μm). The order of heavy metal load in the size fractions was found to be medium > fine
> coarse > silt for Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Cd, where it was found as fine > medium > coarse > silt for zinc. 相似文献
349.
350.
Lorena A. Latini María M. Indaco María B. Aguiar Liliana B. Monza María E. Parolo Carlos F. Melideo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(7):469-475
Chlorpyrifos (O, O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphorothioate) and carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) are often applied concurrently as insecticides in food production. The aim of this study was to research their migration behavior in a real environment. We researched the leaching of both pesticides by setting up field lysimeters on a farm with the typical soil used in fruit production today. In order to analyze the variables involved in this process, we performed complementary adsorption studies, we performed complementary adsorption studies using batches and undisturbed soil laboratory columns for both compounds. The results for pesticide transport through the lysimeters showed that less than 1% of chlorpyrifos was recovered in the leachates, while almost 17% was recovered for carbaryl. Having completed the experiment in undisturbed laboratory columns, soil analysis showed that chlorpyrifos mainly remained in the first 5 cm, while carbaryl moved down to the lower sections. These results can be explained in view of the sorption coefficient values (KD) obtained in horizons A and B for chlorpyrifos (393 and 184 L kg?1) and carbaryl (3.1 and 4.2 L kg?1), respectively. By integrating the results obtained in the different approaches, we were able to characterize the percolation modes of these pesticides in the soil matrix, thus contributing to the sustainable use of resources. 相似文献