培养转速与镁离子对生物合成次生铁矿物的影响研究

探析培养转速与镁离子浓度对氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物合成次生铁矿物的影响对酸性矿山废水(AMD)治理具有一定的工程指导意义.本研究通过摇瓶实验,研究了Mg2+浓度分别为48与4.8 mg·L-1,其它元素组成与富含Fe与SO2-4的9K液体培养基一致的体系在180 r·min-1与100 r·min-1转速条件下氧化亚铁硫杆菌催化合成次生铁矿物过程.考察了不同次生铁矿物合成体系pH、Fe2+氧化率、总Fe沉淀率及次生铁矿物矿相等相关指标.研究结果表明,在180 r·min-1的培养条件下,Mg2+浓度分别为4.8与48 mg·L-1两体系培养48 h后,pH从原始的2.50分别降低至2.07与2.12,Fe2+均可在48 h内实现完全氧化.Fe2+完全氧化时,Mg2+浓度为4.8 mg·L-1体系总Fe沉淀率为37.4%,合成的次生铁矿物均匀分散于溶液中,而Mg2+浓度为48 mg·L-1体系中,总铁沉淀率仅为31.7%,且70%的矿物牢固粘附于摇瓶底部.培养转速为100 r·min-1时,Mg2+浓度分别为4.8与48 mg·L-1两体系经过72 h培养后,pH均从原始的2.50降低至2.21与2.17.Fe2+需要72 h才能被完全氧化,两体系总Fe沉淀率分别仅为21.3%与23.0%,产生的次生铁矿物几乎全部牢固粘附于摇瓶底部.本研究所有体系产生的次生铁矿物均为黄铁矾与施氏矿物的混合物.研究结果可为生物合成次生铁矿物工艺的优化及其在酸性矿山废水治理领域的有效应用提供必要的参数支撑.     

一种高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及培养基优化

从某自来水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选得到了一株稳定高效的微生物絮凝剂产生菌MBF-33,所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液体系有较好的絮凝作用.通过培养基优化,对高岭土的絮凝率从81.3%提高到95%.实验结果表明:(1)适宜的单一碳源为25 g·L-1葡萄糖;(2)复合碳源效果优于单一碳源,适宜的复合碳源为蔗糖5 g·L-1,葡萄糖20 g·L-1;(3)无机氮不利于该菌生长,适宜的氮源为单一有机氮,为1.5 g·L-1蛋白胨;(4)0.2 g·L-1的MgSO4有利于菌生长,但不利于絮凝剂产生.     

石油烃类降解菌分离筛选及其特性的实验

通过选择性培养从被石油污染土壤中分离出2株能够以机油为碳源和能源的菌株LL1和LL2,测定了温度、底物浓度和pH值对其降解能力的影响,确定了最佳生长条件,并试验了菌株对正己烷、苯和甲苯的降解能力。实验表明,2种菌株都对机油有较强的降解能力,在实验最适条件下分别达到53%和77%,其中LL2菌株还对苯和甲苯有一定的降解能力,具有较好的应用前景。     

无土栽培植物对农村生活污水的净化特性研究

选取水烛、石菖蒲和黄菖蒲三种挺水植物作为无土栽培系统的培养物,通过动态试验进行农村生活污水处理对比研究。结果表明:相对对照系统,三种植物对农村生活污水均具有较好的适应性,生长量石菖蒲>黄菖蒲>水烛;处理系统对COD、NH+4-N和TN的去除效果依次为石菖蒲>黄菖蒲>水烛>对照;对TP的去除率依次为水烛>黄菖蒲>石菖蒲>对照。同时,通过对处理系统去除氮磷途径的分析,发现植物吸收作用是主要去除方式,沉淀吸附也起着重要的作用。综合三种植物的净化能力,认为石菖蒲更适合无土栽培处理系统。     

长荡湖围网养殖区长时序时空演变遥感监测

根据长荡湖地区1983—2020年共38景遥感影像中围网养殖区的光谱信息与纹理信息,借助ENVI和ArcGIS软件,通过人机交互目视解译的方法,提取了长荡湖的围网养殖区,分析其38 a的连续时空变化.结果表明,长荡湖围网养殖经历了无围网期(1983—1986年)、增长期(1987—1999年)、巅峰期(2000—200...     

Motivating children's cooperation to conserve forests

Forests are essential common-pool resources. Understanding children's and adolescents’ motivations for conservation is critical to improving conservation education. In 2 experiments, we investigated 1086 school-aged children and adolescents (6–16 years old) from the United States, China, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Testing participants in groups, we assessed their motivation for conservation based on collective-risk common-pool goods games in which they were threatened with losing their endowment unless the group donation exceeded a threshold needed to maintain the forest. Extrinsic motivations, rather than intrinsic, tended to lead to successful cooperation to maintain a forest. Certainty of losing individual payoffs significantly boosted successful cooperative conservation efforts across cultures (success rates were 90.63% and 74.19% in the 2 risk-extrinsic conditions, and 43.75% in the control condition). In U.S. participants, 2 extrinsic incentives, priming discussions of the value of forests and delay of payoffs as punishment, also increased success of cooperative conservation (success rates were 97.22% and 76.92% in the 2 extrinsic-incentive conditions, and 29.19% and 30.77% in the 2 control conditions). Conservation simulations, like those we used, may allow educators to encourage forest protection by leading groups to experience successful cooperation and the extrinsic incentives needed to motivate forest conservation.