活性污泥厌氧Fe(Ⅲ)还原氨氧化现象初探

采用常规化学分析和微生物群落变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)监测技术,探究了厌氧条件下活性污泥中Fe(Ⅲ)还原氨氧化(Feammox)反应的存在及微生物群落动态响应.结果表明,当反应器运行至第24 d时NH_4~+发生转化,同时检测到NO_3~-和Fe(Ⅱ)的生成,表明活性污泥中存在着Fe(Ⅲ)还原NH_4~+氧化反应,产物主要为NO_3~-和Fe(Ⅱ),并伴随少量N_2生成.经过84d培养,氨氮最大转化量达29.85 mg·L~(-1),转化率为59.7%,出水NO_3~-最高值达24.56 mg·L~(-1).活性污泥中Feammox为产酸过程,体系中p H值下降.整个培养过程中微生物群落条带分布发生变化,参与活性污泥中Feammox反应的部分群落在培养过程获得保留,部分优势菌群获得富集.     

环保型吸水膨胀聚合物凝胶的合成与评价

吸水性聚合物用于三次采油的机理是依靠这种聚合物在高含水层孔道表面产生的吸附机理与在孔道中形成的动力捕集和物理堵塞作用,在水的浸泡下,吸水性聚合物形成凝胶膨胀体,对大孔道实行封堵,起到调整吸水剖面,提高驱油效率的目的。以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成高吸水性聚合物凝胶,研究合成条件对聚合物凝胶吸水性能的影响,确定最佳合成条件为:当丙烯酸含量达到总量的80%左右,交联剂用量占单体总固含量的0.4%、引发剂用量占单体总固含量的0.4%、pH为5~11。实验结果表明:该聚合物凝胶适用于高含水油田调剖堵水,且可以重复使用,对储层无伤害。     

加速溶剂萃取/气相色谱质谱法测定鱼类样品中的多环麝香

建立了鱼类样品中5种多环麝香的分析方法.采用加速溶剂萃取(ASE)提取,经凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)以及中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,浓缩并定容洗脱液,用GC-SIM-MS进行检测.本方法对替代物标样荧蒽-d10.的回收率为92.7%-112.9%.以六氯苯(13C)为内标,5种合成麝香的线性范围为1.0-1000.0 ng·g...     

Simultaneous preconcentration of cadmium and lead in water samples with silica gel and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method that utilizes pretreated silica gel as an adsorbent has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) prior to the measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of pH, the shaking time, the elution condition and the coexisting ions on the separation/preconcentration conditions of analytes were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the static adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) were 45.5 and 27.1mg/g, the relative standard deviations were 3.2% and 1.7% (for n = 11), and the limits of detection obtained were 4.25 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. The method was validated by analyzing the certified reference materials GBW 07304a (stream sediment) and successfully applied to the analysis of various treated wastewater samples with satisfactory results.     

蜂窝状陶瓷载体涂层的研究——Al_2O_3胶液的触变性

研究了制备蜂窝陶瓷涂层使用的AL_2O_3胶液的触变性以及影响胶液触变性的因素,并对胶液的触变性对蜂窝陶瓷涂层的上涂量的影响进行了探讨 结果表明,影响胶液触变性最大的因素是含固量:若使胶液具有触变性,含固量只能在一定范围内波动,且含固量越高,胶液的触变性越明显;稳定剂、表面活性剂以及醋酸都影响胶液的触变性;而胶液的触变性有利于蜂窝陶瓷涂层的上涂量的提高.     

叶面喷施硅铈复合溶胶对水东芥菜重金属含量及其他品质的影响

田间小区试验研究了叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理对水东芥菜生长、地上部重金属Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Hg含量,以及维生素C（Vc）、可溶性糖、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量等品质的影响。结果表明：叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理,均可以促进水东芥菜生长,增加水东芥菜地上部鲜物质和干物质重量;尤其是叶面喷Si+Ce处理后水东芥菜地上部鲜物质和干物质重量比对照分别增加了6.2%和16.2%;差异达到显著水平。与对照相比,叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理后水东芥菜地上部Cd含量分别下降了24.5%、22.9%、42.6%;As含量分别下降了26.4%、26.0%、40.0%;Pb含量分别下降22.5%、32.5%、36.8%;差异都达到显著水平。但是各处理对水东芥菜地上部 Cr 和 Hg 含量并无显著影响。与单独喷 Si 或单独喷Ce相比,叶面喷Si+Ce复合处理对降低水东芥菜地上部Cd和As含量效果更佳。叶面喷Si、喷Ce以及喷Si+Ce处理,还可以显著增加水东芥菜地上部Vc、可溶性糖含量,显著降低其硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量;同时叶面喷施Si+Ce处理后水东芥菜地上部亚硝酸盐含量是分别单独喷Si、喷Ce的80.3%和79.1%,差异达到显著水平。因此,叶面喷施Si+Ce复合处理在促进水东芥菜生长,降低水东芥菜体内重金属含量以及提高水东芥菜品质等方面的性能要优于单独喷施Si或单独喷施Ce。     

成组生物毒性测试法综合评价典型工业废水毒性

为了更加准确地评估典型工业废水的综合生物毒性以及处理工艺对废水毒性的削减情况,采用发光细菌急性毒性实验、大型溞急性毒性实验和单细胞凝胶电泳实验,结合潜在生态毒性效应探测(potential ecotoxic effects probe,PEEP)指数对常州市7种典型工业废水的综合生物毒性进行了评价。结果表明,7种工业原水都表现出了急性毒性或遗传毒性,综合生物毒性强度的排序为电子厂>电镀厂>综合污水处理厂>印染厂>化工厂>食品厂>制药厂。而7种工业废水的处理后出水综合生物毒性强度的排序为印染厂>化工厂>电子厂>综合污水处理厂>食品厂>制药厂>电镀厂。其中,印染和化工厂出水综合生物毒性高于原水,分别增加了43.3%和38.7%,PEEP评价结果显示分别属于剧毒和高毒,而电镀、电子、综合污水处理和食品厂出水的综合生物毒性削减明显,分别比原水削减了76.9%、53.1%、48.3%和26.6%,PEEP结果表明基本无毒。建立在成组生物毒性实验基础上的PEEP评价方法可全面反映工业废水的综合生物毒性,进而更客观地评价废水对水生态系统乃至人类健康的潜在影响。     

Experimental study on advantages of foam–sol in coal dust control

In China, more than 2.65 million coal mine workers are exposed to coal dust. Every year, new pneumoconiosis cases amount to 25,000, among which 6000 cases die of this disease. The figure is twice the death toll in production safety accidents. Occupational diseases seriously endanger life and health of coal mine workers, and restrict the healthy growth of the coal industry.The paper presented a study of foam–sol-based coal dust control. This was an experimental study of characteristics of foam–sol-based coal dust control, which features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. Comparative wettability experiments were carried out to determine contact angles of water, aqueous foam, and foam–sol solution. A new foam–sol generating system with a conical diffuser outlet was proposed.The experiment results clearly showed that the foam–sol features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. The wettability of the aqueous foam solution was better than the foam–sol solution, but the foam–sol technology had the better ability to capture the airborne dust, suppress the static dust and enclose the dust source, due to the excellent surface viscosity, strong cohesiveness and less volatile property. The paper concluded that the foam–sol could greatly improve the dust control efficiency and did not have main deficiencies that the aqueous foam technology had.     

The biodegradation of blends of polycaprolactone and polyethylene exposed to a defined consortium of fungi

Polycaprolactone, polyethylene, and blends of polycaprolactone and polyethylene—in which the portion of polycaprolactone was 80 and 10%—were exposed for periods of from 1 to 16 weeks to a consortium of five fungi in a nutrient salt medium containing 0.8 mg/ml potato dextrose. After exposure the samples were cleaned, dried, and analyzed for weight loss, changes in their molecular weight distribution as determined by gel permeation chromatography, molecular changes as seen by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and changes in tensile strength. Tensile strength of polycaprolactone began to decrease after 1 week of exposure, even though the molecular weight distribution showed no change. FT-IR spectra indicated a loss of amorphous polycaprolactone from the surface of samples.Certain commercial products ae identified in order to specify experimental procedures adequately. In no case does such identification imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or that the material is necessarily the best available for the purpose.     

有机硒多糖对铬致小鼠细胞DNA损伤与氧化损伤的保护作用

采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术研究了富硒金针菇中提取的硒多糖对铬致小鼠骨髓细胞DNA损伤的保护作用,进而通过考察小鼠内源性脂质过氧化的抑制作用进一步探究硒多糖的生物活性.结果表明:硒多糖在硒含量为0.0244～0.0650μg.mL-1范围内,随浓度和在小鼠体内作用时间的增加,骨髓细胞尾长和尾矩与对照组相比都有显著下降;对小鼠内源性脂质过氧化的抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强,与对照组相比有显著差异.硒多糖作为有机硒对铬致细胞DNA损伤和脂质过氧化均有保护作用,可为新型有机硒补剂的开发和有机硒在食品、药品以及预防科学领域的应用提供科学的理论依据.