Sol-gel immobilisation of methyl parathion degrading bacteria isolated from agricultural areas of Pakistan

The following areas are discussed in this paper: immobilisation of bacterial consortium in sol-gel; methyl parathion degradation and bioremediation applications; evaluation of indigenous bacterial isolates of contaminated soils. Bacterial strains were isolated from agricultural areas of Pakistan which were contaminated with methyl parathion. A bacterial consortium of seven (out of 64) Enterobacteriaceae isolates including Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Proteus vulgaris capable of degrading methyl parathion (enzyme activity ranging 410–675 mU mL^?1 for individual isolates and 982 mU/mL for consortium) was selected and subsequently immobilised in tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and sodium-silicate-based sol-gel matrices. Cell viability of suspended and immobilised bacterial consortium was monitored using a minimal salt medium supplemented with methyl parathion. The results indicate that sol-gel immobilisation can be helpful to increase the shelf life of methyl parathion degrading bacterial strains along with preservation of biological activity for bioremediation applications in field.     

球形复合无机离子交换剂的制备及其对Sr2+和Cs+的去除

用溶胶－凝胶的方法制备了水合二氧化钛－水合五氧化二锑（HTO－HAP）球形复合无机离子交换剂，研究了其对Sr^2 和Cs^ 的离子交换性能，并对其组成，结构及稳定性作了初步的研究。结果表明，此种球形交换剂机械强度好，适合装柱，在弱酸性条件下对Sr^2 和Cs^ 有较好的交换容量。     

正交法设计Fe、N共掺杂TiO2/Ti液膜可见光光催化处理染料废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe、N共掺杂TiO_2膜电极(Fe,N-TiO_2/Ti),并设计三因素五水平正交试验对电极制备条件进行优化.结果表明,各因素影响主次顺序为:煅烧温度Fe掺杂量N掺杂量;最优制备条件为:煅烧温度550℃,Fe掺杂量0.3%(质量分数),N掺杂量0.3%(质量分数);共掺杂电极光催化活性优于单掺杂和未掺杂电极.紫外-可见漫反射和光电性能测试表明,催化剂有可见光响应;XRD表征结果表明,Fe、N共掺杂细化了晶粒,有效抑制了金红石相的形成,其晶型为锐钛矿型,粒径为11.48 nm.利用Fe,N-TiO_2/Ti与Cu阴极组装成斜置双极液膜反应器,可见光激发光催化降解苋菜红,考察了主要影响因素.结果发现,最佳条件为:初始pH 2.50,废水流量5.1 L·h~(-1),在此条件下处理20mg·L~(-1)苋菜红80 min,脱色率达到91.6%.电极重复使用10次,每次60 min,脱色率下降了12.99%,说明电极稳定性较好.     

可见光响应Pr3+:Y2SiO5/ TiO2薄膜的制备

目的研究层涂法制备Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5/TiO_2复合薄膜的结构与可见光催化性能。方法分别以钛酸丁酯(TBOT)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO_2凝胶和Pr掺杂的Y_2SiO_5凝胶,以碳纤维为薄膜载体,并通过浸渍提拉法制备Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5/TiO_2层涂薄膜,研究层涂法制备复合薄膜对复合薄膜结构、形貌以及光催化效果的影响。结果复合薄膜具有明显的分层界限,形貌较平整,有较少龟裂;复合薄膜性能受涂覆次序的影响较大。结论依次将Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5和TiO_2涂覆在碳纤维上的复合薄膜具有较好的光催化性能,可见光光照2 h,对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达到94%,其可见光催化效率高于TiO_2薄膜的59%。     

Cu-Mn-Zr复合催化剂制备及其催化氧化乙酸乙酯性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了4种不同金属摩尔比的Cu-Mn-Zr复合催化剂，利用BET、XRD和XPS对其进行了表征分析，通过固定床管式反应器评价了其对乙酸乙酯模拟气体的催化活性，定性测定了其催化反应降解产物.结果表明，Mn的加入增大了催化剂的比表面积和总孔容，催化剂的N₂吸附-解吸等温线为IV型.Cu-Zr（1：1）催化剂观察到氧化铜晶体和四方晶型氧化锆晶体，氧化铜晶体随着Cu比例的减小而降低，Mn的加入导致氧化锆晶体消失.催化剂无固定形态，呈现良好的分散性.增大Mn/Zr摩尔比能提高催化活性.Cu-Mn-Zr的适当组分比能提高其低温催化活性，其中Cu-Mn-Zr（1：1：1）催化剂的低温催化活性与CO₂的选择性较佳，在200℃时对CO₂的选择性达到96.7%.降解产物分析表明，乙酸乙酯降解中间产物有乙酸和乙醇，最终降解产物主要有CO₂和H₂O等.     

PW_(12)/SiO_2光催化降解水中苯酚

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载H3PW12O40催化剂,并采用红外光谱、XRD及BET对其进行了表征。研究了其对水中苯酚的光催化降解性。讨论了负载催化剂用量、光照时间对苯酚和TOC去除率的影响。结果表明:PW12/SiO2负载型催化剂用量为3g/L,光照6h,10mg/L苯酚水溶液中苯酚去除率为93.06%,TOC去除率为73.20%。PW12/SiO2多相光催化10mg/L苯酚水溶液降解反应和苯酚水溶液直接光解反应均为一级动力学反应。     

Inactivated properties of activated carbon-supported TiO2 nanoparticles for bacteria and kinetic study

The activated carbon-supported TiO2 nanoparticles(TiO2/AC)were prepared by a properly controlled sol-gel method.The effects of activated carbons(AC)support on inactivated properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated by photocatalytic inactivation experiments of Escherichia coli.The key factors affecting the inactivation effciency were investigated,including electric power of lamp, temperature,and pH values.The results show that the TiO2/AC composites have high inactivation properties of E.coli in compari...     

Inactivated properties of activated carbon-supported TiO2 nanoparticles for bacteria and kinetic study

The activated carbon-supported TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂/AC) were prepared by a properly controlled sol-gel method. The effects of activated carbons (AC) support on inactivated properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles were evaluated by photocatalytic inactivation experiments of Escherichia coli. The key factors affecting the inactivation efficiency were investigated, including electric power of lamp, temperature, and pH values. The results show that the TiO₂/AC composites have high inactivation properties of E. coli in comparison with pure TiO₂ powder. The kinetics of photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli was found to follow a pseudo-first order rate law for TiO₂/AC composites, and kinetic behavior could be described in terms of a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constants for the bacteria, K_c, and for the rate constants, k_r, were certainly depended on TiO₂ content. At 47 wt.% TiO₂ coatings with the highest rate constant, the K_c and k_r were 1.17 × 10⁻⁸L/cfu and 1.43 × 10⁶ cfu/(L·min), respectively. The variety of parameters shows significant effects on inactivation rate. The outer layer of bacteria decomposed first resulting in inactivation of cell, and with further illumination, the cells nearly decomposed.     

混晶纳米TiO_2薄膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以钛酸四丁酯为原料采用浸渍提拉法在普通瓷片表面制备TiO2混晶薄膜,用XRD对薄膜进行表征,选用亚甲基蓝催化降解考察TiO2混晶薄膜的催化能力,探讨了紫外光光照强度、亚甲基蓝初始浓度和pH对光催化降解的影响。结果表明:600℃煅烧4h可制备金红石为13.2%的混晶薄膜,平均粒径为22nm;初始浓度在0.313～0.937mg/L,催化反应符合一级动力学方程,半衰期随初始浓度的增加而减小;在光照强度为40W和pH为13时降解率为45.6%,并可多次重复使用。