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191.
我国涝灾主要集中在江淮地区,其中6-7月的旱涝,大部分是由梅雨异常引起的。为了研究梅雨的影响因子,利用1954-2005年太阳黑子、江淮地区33站梅雨期降水资料,分析了太阳活动对江淮地区梅雨的影响。研究表明,梅雨量趋势系数的最大值中心位于杭州地区,而太阳活动与杭州地区的梅雨基本上没有关系。太阳活动对江淮地区梅雨量、梅雨强度的影响具有地域性。太阳活动与梅雨量的相关关系由北向南,依次呈现为负相关性、正相关性和负相关性,太阳活动强的年份,江淮地区北部和南部梅雨量偏少,江淮中部梅雨量偏多;太阳活动与梅雨强度的相关关系由北向南,依次呈现正相关性、负相关性,太阳活动强的年份,江淮地区北部梅雨强度较强,江淮南部梅雨强度较弱。合成分析结果表明:太阳活动谷年江淮地区普遍偏涝。 相似文献
192.
太阳辐射是引起有机材料老化的最主要原因,实验室氙弧灯光老化试验具有较高的加速性。本文通过对有机涂层在广州试验站自然暴露试验结果以及实验室氙弧灯光老化试验结果进行对比研究,得到3种常用有机防护涂层的加速倍数,对于1#、2#样品的加速倍数为9,3#样品的加速倍数为6。 相似文献
193.
Jonathan Asher Greenberg Erin L Hestir David Riano George J Scheer Susan L Ustin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(5):939-948
Greenberg, Jonathan Asher, Erin L. Hestir, David Riano, George J. Scheer, and Susan L. Ustin, 2012. Using LiDAR Data Analysis to Estimate Changes in Insolation Under Large‐Scale Riparian Deforestation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 939‐948. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00664.x Abstract: Riparian vegetation provides shade from insolation to stream channels. A consequence of removing vegetation may be an increase in insolation that can increase water temperatures and negatively impact ecosystem health. Although the mechanisms of riparian shading are well understood, spatially explicit, mechanistic models of shading have been limited by the data requirements of precisely describing the three‐dimensional structure of a riparian corridor. Remotely acquired, high spatial resolution LiDAR data provide detailed three‐dimensional vegetation structure and terrain topography over large regions. By parameterizing solar radiation models that incorporate terrain shadowing with LiDAR data, we can produce spatially explicit estimates of insolation. As a case study, we modeled the relative change in insolation on channels in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin River Delta under current conditions and under a hypothesized deforested Delta using classified LiDAR, rasterized at a 1‐m resolution. Our results suggest that the removal of levee vegetation could result in a 9% increase in solar radiation incident on Delta waters, and may lead to water temperature increases. General, coarse‐scale channel characteristics (reach width, azimuth, levee vegetation cover, and height) only accounted for 72% of the variation in the insolation. This indicates that the detailed information derived from LiDAR data has greater explanatory power than coarser reach‐scale metrics often used for insolation estimates. 相似文献
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195.
In this paper, the viability of modeling the instantaneous thermal efficiency (ηith) of a solar still was determined using meteorological and operational data with an artificial neural network (ANN), multivariate regression (MVR), and stepwise regression (SWR). This study used meteorological and operational variables to hypothesize the effect of solar still performance. In the ANN model, nine variables were used as input parameters: Julian day, ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, feed water temperature, brine water temperature, total dissolved solids of feed water, and total dissolved solids of brine water. The ηith was represented by one node in the output layer. The same parameters were used in the MVR and SWR models. The advantages and disadvantages were discussed to provide different points of view for the models. The performance evaluation criteria indicated that the ANN model was better than the MVR and SWR models. The mean coefficient of determination for the ANN model was about 13% and14% more accurate than those of the MVR and SWR models, respectively. In addition, the mean root mean square error values of 6.534% and 6.589% for the MVR and SWR models, respectively, were almost double that of the mean values for the ANN model. Although both MVR and SWR models provided similar results, those for the MVR were comparatively better. The relative errors of predicted ηith values for the ANN model were mostly in the vicinity of ±10%. Consequently, the use of the ANN model is preferred, due to its high precision in predicting ηith compared to the MVR and SWR models. This study should be extremely beneficial to those coping with the design of solar stills. 相似文献
196.
Gajendra Singh Biplab Bhattacharya G.N. Tiwari 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2016,9(3):170-181
A modified brushed permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor has been developed and fabricated for a photovoltaic (PV)-operated solar systems. The conventional PMDC motor has been plagued with constraints, the most critical being ingestion of vapours of working fluid inside the rotor and stator, damaging the insulation of windings and forming a thin film of moisture between commutator and brushes. This flaw results into a very low mean time between failures of the motor. In the past, many attempts have been made where-in variety of seals to isolate the working fluid vapours from inner parts of motor have been tried out, but to no avail. Even Brushless DC motors have been designed in the past but their exorbitant cost makes the entire arrangement not viable economically. The modification attempted in this article overcomes the problem of working fluid ingestion inside the motor. It is found that mass flow rate of working fluid obtained at maximum peak sunshine hours is 17.5 l/min at 3030 rpm of motor driven by a PV module of 40 W at 16.20 V. This low-cost modified PMDC motor has been robust with high mean time between failures as no breakdown observed during 18 months of operation. 相似文献
197.
F. Sjoeib E. Anwar M.S. Tungguldihardjo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):153-159
Abstract The effects of temperature and solar radiation on dissipation of 14C‐p,p'‐DDT from a latosol soil were studied under laboratory conditions. Volatilization was measured by trapping organic volatiles during 6 weeks and was found to increase with rise of temperature from 3.8% of initial amount at ambient temperature to 5.9% at 45°C. Studies on the effect of solar radiation using quartz tubes under sterilized and non‐sterilized conditions have shown that volatilized organics were highest in quartz tubes, with soil microflora presumably playing a very minor role in volatilization. Mineralization was shown to be low in sterilized systems and highest in non‐sterilized quartz systems. Studies on binding suggest that soil bioactivity may be involved in the formation of a portion of the bound residue. These laboratory experiments seem to support data from the field, where it is maintained that volatilization is a major mechanism for dissipation. Degradation in soil and to a lesser extent solar irradiation contribute also substantially to the dissipation mechanisms. Radiocarbon dissipated from plywood surfaces under indoor conditions in a biphasic fashion. Loss of 50% occurred after 5.5 weeks while the remainder dissipated at a very slow rate. 相似文献
198.
污水处理的高能耗和新能源利用已引起人们的关注,本文根据太阳光照强度的周期变化和农村污水昼夜排放量悬殊的特征,提出了一种新型的利用无蓄电池太阳能光伏系统驱动的污水生物处理系统,可有效降低太阳能光伏系统的成本。生物反应器是一个双沟式一体化氧化沟。按照启动的用电设备的数量,一体化氧化沟具有5种运行方式。在不同的运行方式下,一体化氧化沟的内沟和外沟具有不同的功能,其中运行方式3到运行方式5对污染物去除效率最高。采用阶梯型电量输出模式,可以充分利用太阳能,并保障一体化氧化沟的高效运行时间。在160 d的连续运行实验中,COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为87.8%、98.4%、68.7%和80.3%。证明无蓄电池太阳能光伏系统驱动污水生物反应器处理农村分散污水是可行的。 相似文献
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200.
Itay Fischhendler Dror Boymel Maxwell T Boykoff 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2016,10(2):147-168
Although solar farms are often favorably received by the public due to their contribution to clean energy, they are not conflict-free. In various contexts, this land-intensive technology often competes with other land uses like agriculture, nature reserves, and army training. As a result of this competition, interest groups often seek political leverage in order to prioritize their spatial use. Framing their uses as existential is one possible way to capture the attention of decision-makers. Yet, this securitization process may create a framing contest whereby different actors use similar securitization language to promote different land uses. This study is the first attempt to trace how this framing contest of securitized discourses over land appropriation is constructed. It is based on the Israeli experience of promoting solar energy in the Negev Desert, an area conceived as available to solar development. Through an analysis of protocols of Israeli policy-makers’ meetings between 2002 and 2011, the study documents the ways in which players adopt securitized language concerning various land uses such as energy, food, ecology, and traditional (national) security. The study found that the use of securitized framing varies between uses, forums, actors, and sectors. Yet competition between securities discourses remained uneven as, in the Israeli context, many players find it difficult to challenge the hegemonic role of traditional (national) security. 相似文献