太阳跟踪反射聚光户外加速试验研究

太阳辐射是引起有机材料老化的最主要原因.由于拉萨高原地区的太阳辐射年总量比内地同纬度高出约1倍,在拉萨进行有机涂层样品的户外暴露试验,其老化速度可大大提高.通过在拉萨试验站对4种常用的有机防护涂层开展太阳跟踪反射聚光户外加速试验和自然暴露试验对比研究,优选出了环境适应性好的材料,并验证了其加速性.     

云对太阳紫外辐射的影响

云对到达地面的太阳紫外辐射有着重要的影响,根据在香河综合观测站１年的观测资料,利用相关分析,得到了计算云天条件下太阳紫外总辐射的一种经验公式,计算结果比较令人满意。对阴天太阳紫外总辐射的减弱作了简单的分析。     

太阳光催化氧化工艺对藻源含氮有机物的降解研究

利用小试试验研究了太阳光/TiO2体系对铜绿微囊藻细胞内的溶解性有机氮(DON)的氧化降解过程,考察了氧化降解过程中总可溶性蛋白、多糖、UV254等指标的变化,分析了其作用机理.结果表明,7h处理后,太阳光/TiO2体系对水样中的DON降解率为29%,且降解过程中TN含量基本没有变化,而NH4+和NO3-的浓度明显增加;氧化过程中,总可溶性蛋白和多糖的含量明显减少,去除率达48.6%和54.5%.水样的浑浊度、UV254和DOC也有不同程度的去除.     

日光温室黄瓜低温冷害风险评估技术研究

基于人工气候箱和大田试验观测结果,探讨了日光温室黄瓜生产低温冷害气象指标确定技术,将冬季黄瓜生产低温冷害分为无灾、轻灾、中灾和重灾4个等级,利用层次分析法和GIS技术,对日光温室黄瓜生产低温冷害综合风险进行评估.结果表明,山东省各级冷害出现日数随着低温冷害程度的加重呈减少的趋势,但区域间存在一定差异.鲁北、鲁西北北部、鲁中北部以及半岛内陆地区遭受低温冷害风险较高,半岛东部沿海、鲁西南、鲁南及鲁东南沿海区域风险较低,其他地区属于中度风险.     

全聚苯胺太阳能电池材料的制备和性能

采用电化学和化学的方法制备了硫酸掺杂的p型导电聚苯胺和萘钠掺杂的n型导电聚苯胺,采用扫描电镜、X衍射分析、红外、紫外-可见分光光度计和和四探针法等手段对各种聚苯胺的形貌、结构和导电性等能进行了分析;将p型和n型导电聚苯胺组装成太阳能电池,研究了材料的结构、性能、电池的组装方式对太阳能电池性能的影响.结果表明:制备的p型和n型导电聚苯胺呈球形,堆砌结实,平均粒径在30—50nm,结晶度较大,导电性优异,在可见光区有强烈的吸收;由两者组成的双层太阳能电池性能优异,其开路电压为1.65V,短路电流为1.66mA.cm-2,填充因子为0.35,光电转换效率为2.96%.     

Analytical Study of the Heat Loss Attenuation by Clothing on Thermal Manikins Under Radiative Heat Loads

For wearers of protective clothing in radiation environments there are no quantitative guidelines available for the effect of a radiative heat load on heat exchange. Under the European Union funded project ThermProtect an analytical effort was defined to address the issue of radiative heat load while wearing protective clothing. As within the ThermProtect project much information has become available from thermal manikin experiments in thermal radiation environments, these sets of experimental data are used to verify the analytical approach. The analytical approach provided a good prediction of the heat loss in the manikin experiments, 95% of the variance was explained by the model. The model has not yet been validated at high radiative heat loads and neglects some physical properties of the radiation emissivity. Still, the analytical approach provides a pragmatic approach and may be useful for practical implementation in protective clothing standards for moderate thermal radiation environments.     

The Potential of Using Solar Energy to Process Full-Fat Soybeans (Glycine max) to Reduce Urease Activity

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of panel solar cookers in reducing urease activity in full-fat soybeans (Glycine max). Changes in urease activity of soaked (SM), coarse-milled (CM) and whole dry (WM) full fat soybeans were investigated by roasting for 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min in multiple reflector panel solar cookers, in a 3 3 3 factorial experiment. Soaking soybeans for 14 h reduced (p<0.05) ^{1 1}P < 0.05 means that the probability (p) of falsely concluding significant difference between values obtained after statistical analysis was less than 5% (0.05). urease activity by 9%, from 6.58 meqNH₃/g DM to 5.98 meqNH₃/g DM. After 180 min of solar roasting, urease activity levels had declined by 81%, 67% and 23% in soaked, milled and whole dry soybeans respectively. Full fat soybean urease activity can be reduced faster in soaked than in dry soybeans. Findings suggest that there is potential in using multiple reflector panel solar cookers to reduce urease activity in full fat soybeans.     

Experimental analysis of thermal performance of evacuated tube and flat-plate solar air collectors at different air flow rates

The thermal performances of an evacuated tube collector (ETC) and flat-plate solar air collector (FPC) are experimentally investigated at different air flow rates. To investigate the performance of the ETC and FPC, experimental set-ups were fabricated. Air was used as a working fluid and tested at the same climatic conditions. The ETC had 15 evacuated tubes with a surface area of 1.66 m². The experimental set-up consisted of a header with a hollow pipe (square pipe) in the centre through which the air flowed. The flat-plate collector had a surface area of 1.35 m². The FPC had a black painted absorber sheet which divides the collector into two sections. The air flowed through the upper and the lower sections parallel to the collector to minimize the overall heat loss. The temperature of the outlet air depends on several factors along with the airflow rate and the intensity of the solar radiation. It was found that during the day at high flow rates, the efficiency of the ETC varies from 0.12 to 0.5, and for the flat plate it was from 0.29 to 0.68. The maximum temperature of the air was 56.7°C for the ETC and 25.7°C for the FPC.     

Renewable energy potential in India and future agenda of research

ABSTRACT

Demand of electrical energy is exponentially increasing causing environmental problems due to extensive use of fossil fuels. Hence, research has been promoted in renewable energy technologies to mitigate environmental pollution. Indian subcontinent is rich in renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes potential of RES and region-wise installed capacity in India. Estimated potential of RES is 57 GW which is targeted to be 175 GW by 2022. A logical framework for our future research work has been presented. This includes performance optimisation of solar pumping system and reliability assessments of the designed system using reliability indices.

Abbreviation: RES: Renewable energy resources; SHP: small hydro plants; GOI: Government of India; MNRE: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; LHP: large hydropower; BCM: billion cubic metres; PEC: per-capita energy consumption; JNNSM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission; DNI: direct normal irradiance; SPV: solar photovoltaic; UMPP: ultra mega green solar power project; GIS: geographic information systems; WMS: wind monitoring stations; MPWL: Madhya Pradesh windfarms Ltd.; MIB: mat river basin; SWAT: Soil and Water Assessment Tool; ROR: run of river; SMS: short message service; CDM: clean development mechanism; NIOT: national institute of ocean technology; LOLP: loss of load probability; CSO: Central Statistics Office; CEA: Central Electricity Authority; TERI: The Energy and Resources Institute; WPI: Wind Power India; IEA: International Energy Agency; EAI: Energy Alternatives India; BKP: Biomass Knowledge Portal; IRENA: International Renewable Energy Agency; GAIN: Global Agricultural Information Network; NITI: National Institution for Transforming India; NIWE: National Institute of Wind Energy; UP: Uttar Pradesh; J&K: Jammu and Kashmir; HP: Himachal Pradesh; NR: northern region; MP: Madhya Pradesh; WR: western region; TN: Tamil Nadu; AP: Andhra Pradesh; SR: southern region; ER: eastern region; NER: north eastern region; A&N: Andaman & Nicobar     

多晶硅切割液废液的回收与利用

结合工程实际,介绍了太阳能产业用多晶硅片切割过程中产生的割液废液的处理工艺及回收工艺,并分析了它的投资成本和经济效益。