平板式太阳能光催化净水器对集雨水中Cr（Ⅵ）还原

以解决西部干旱地区集雨水深度净化为目的,研制了一款平板式太阳能光催化集雨水净水器,以低温水热法在土工布上负载了TiO2光催化剂,以C(rⅥ)为模拟污染物,分别在室内不同条件下及在太阳光下进行了光催化还原实验。结果表明,以自来水(pH=7.2)配制的浓度为0.25 mg/L的C(rⅥ)、在流量为5 L/h、光强为1 mW/cm2的条件下,出水口C(rⅥ)的还原率可达到83.57%;而在夏季太阳光的照射下,C(rⅥ)的还原率可达到95.88%,完全达到集雨水中C(rⅥ)去除的要求。该净水器具有造价低廉、操作简单、节能环保的特点,适于西北干旱农村分户使用。     

好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器中的污泥性质与膜污染研究

好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器运行了75 d,其COD、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为91%~95%、89.57%~100%和48.25%~90.84%;运行过程中颗粒污泥出现了一定程度的解体,污泥沉降性能出现了恶化,污泥比阻由起始的1.085×1013m/kg上升到反应末期的2.712×1013m/kg;胞外聚合物维持在44.71~72.23 mg/g之间.对膜组件污染特性进行研究,发现膜表面滤饼层阻力和膜孔堵塞阻力分别为5.32×1011m-1和2.34×1011m-1,占到总阻力的67.42%和29.66%.通过对膜污染物质进行红外光谱分析,发现膜污染的主要物质为蛋白质和糖类物质.     

Characteristics of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/O2/NO plasma with argon additive

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years, how to achieve higher removal e ciency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application. In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on electron density, energy and nitric oxide reduction process in plasma, the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution. The comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon, respectively. The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3 u ! B3 g) was compared in the wavelength range 300–480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines. The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma, thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased, and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N, O and O3. The results of NO reduction showed that NO conversion e ciency increased in the range of 10%–30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive. This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.     

地表水源环保型太阳能吸收式空调系统

文章提出了一种新型环保型太阳能吸收式制冷空调系统。首次提出把太阳能制冷机的集热器安装在河流上,把冷凝器、吸收器浸泡在河水中;利用水的自然对流,与冷凝盘管中的制冷剂发生对流换热;节能又节约了水资源。应用制冷理论,对集热面积为180m2的空调系统进行了性能分析及环境效益评价,结果表明:空调系统比电压缩式空调系统可节约运行费用13595.6元/a;寿命期减少CO2总排放量275.4t,对环境空气温度无影响,缓减了城市热岛效应,节省了引发热岛效应的附加能耗约29%,节能及环境效应显著;性能系数比冷却水塔式太阳能吸收式空调系统高6.1%。     

Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light

The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates.     

浅析青岛太阳能光伏发电发展的方向及推广对策

太阳能光伏发电是可再生能源应用的主要方向之一。作为适宜发展太阳能光伏发电的地区,青岛市政电网覆盖区外的诸多海岛具有较好的光伏发电推广应用前景;在市政电网成型地区,道路照明等公共设施用电、新建住宅小区、机关事业单位以及重点用能单位也是具有推广光伏发电的潜力。然而,目前存在的技术瓶颈、激励政策缺乏以及并网发电手续繁琐等因素制约了光伏发电的应用。通过推动光伏发电技术进步及产业发展,并在政策法规以及经济上给予更多鼓励支持,才能促进太阳能光伏发电快速、健康发展。     

爆炸分离冲击信号修正及结构状态分析

为了对爆炸分离冲击信号进行有效性分析及校正,进而对关键结构的状态变化进行分析,基于离散小波分解方法,对实测分离冲击信号及其速度积分进行校正,去除零漂趋势项.选取冲击结束后剩余自由响应阶段,对结构状态进行分析,基于冲击信号初始谱及剩余谱相关性分析,提出确定剩余自由响应阶段起始分析时间的确定方法.对该剩余响应信号结合频域窗...     

天津市城市垃圾臭气成分谱

为弄清天津市垃圾臭气污染的现状,采用冷阱富集-GC/MS技术测试了不同季节、不同垃圾处理环节臭气的组分和主要组分的含量,摸清了天津市区城市垃圾不同处理环节(收运、中转、填埋、焚烧)不同季节臭气的排放状况,研究了垃圾臭气中恶臭物质与臭气强度的关系,确定出不同垃圾处理环节的臭气主要组分,为有针对性地筛选脱臭技术工艺、科学地管理城市垃圾收运和处理提供了理论依据。     

青岛近岸、东海海水CDOM特性及一氧化碳光产生研究

研究了青岛近岸和东海海水中CO的光化学产生,比较了两个不同水域海水中有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光学特征和CO的表观量子产率.结果表明:青岛近岸海水和东海海水α(355)范围分别为0.381~0.868m-1和0.083~0.427m-1,平均值分别为0.622m-1和0.196m-1,青岛近岸海水α(355)大于东海.其中近岸海水α(355)和Sg表现出良好的相关性,而东海海水这两个参数之间无明显相关性,表现出α(355)和Sg关系的不确定性.α(355)与CO的光致产生速率呈现正相关(R2=0.8188),说明了CDOM光化学降解是CO产生的重要途径.青岛近岸海水CO的表观量子产率高于东海海水,与α(355)具有相同变化规律,说明含有高光学活性物质的CDOM发生光降解反应能更加有效地产生CO.     

Solar photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon on a Bi–TiO2/zeolite photocatalyst

The photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon under solar light was investigated in aqueous solution containing a Bi–TiO₂/zeolite photocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Bi–TiO₂ loading onto the zeolite support and influence of the parameters such as catalyst amount, pH, and initial concentration of isoproturon on the degradation rate were evaluated. The recycling ability of the catalyst was found to be sustainable for elongated periods. The high activity of the Bi–TiO₂/zeolite was attributed to its absorptivity of visible light and its high adsorption capacity for the pollutant molecules.