紫外光诱导荧光分析仪结合多元线性回归算法在城市河流常规污染指标监测中的应用

为建立一种针对城市河流水体常规污染指标的快速原位监测方法,首次运用紫外光诱导荧光分析仪对扬州市60条城市河流进行水体三维荧光光谱(EEM)测量,形成了具有多样性的水质样本集合.利用峰值拾取法、相关性分析和主成分分析3种方式从三维荧光光谱中提取溶解性有机物(DOM)污染信息,结合多元线性回归算法(MLR),建立与化学需氧...     

南京江心洲大桥主桥的地震反应谱分析

以南京江心洲大桥主桥为研究对象,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了该独塔自锚式悬索桥的三维有限元模型,采用子空间迭代法对该桥模型进行了自振特性的分析,在其中考虑了几何非线性的影响。对该桥模型进行模态分析。在此基础上运用反应谱法计算了该桥的纵向、横向、竖向、纵向+竖向以及横向+竖向的地震响应,并针对其主要截面位置进行分析。结果表明,横向地震下的塔底应力比纵向、竖向输入下大,竖向地震作用下主梁地震应力要比横向、纵向地震作用下的大,塔顶位移在纵向+竖向地震动输入时的位移值最大等。研究结果对同类桥型的工程抗震研究具有参考意义。     

太阳光下Fenton氧化-混凝法深度处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

针对经生物处理后难以进一步生物降解的垃圾渗滤液,提出采用太阳光下Fenton氧化-混凝法进行深度处理.比较了直接混凝法、太阳光下Fenton氧化法及其联合处理技术对垃圾渗滤液COD_(Cr)的处理效果.结果表明,垃圾渗滤液进行直接混凝处理的效果不理想.COD_(Cr)的去除率仅为17.8%;太阳光可有效地催化Fenton试剂对垃圾渗滤液COD_(Cr)的去除效果,但要其COD_(Cr)低于国家二级排放标准则需消耗H_2O_2的浓度大于600 mmol/L.导致其处理成本较高;而采用太阳光下Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理技术.垃圾渗滤液低于国家二级排放标准只需投加H_2O_2的浓度为170 mmol/L,比单纯采用太阳光下Fenton 氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液可节约H_2O_2用量2.53倍以上.     

镧负载改性TiO2太阳光催化降解微囊藻毒素的研究

考察了镧负载改性TiO₂催化剂在太阳光下降解微囊藻毒素LR (MCLR)的效果及其影响因素。结果表明,镧负载改性的TiO₂可显著增加MCLR在TiO₂表面的吸附量,同时提高MCLR在太阳光下的降解率。随着镧负载量的增加,太阳光下MCLR降解率可从65%提高到95%,pH降低可促进MCLR的降解。改性TiO₂对藻毒素的降解存在最佳投加量,实验结果表明,在pH=6,MCLR初始浓度为2 mg/L,0.001-La-TiO₂的最佳投量为0.5 g/L,在3 600 μW/cm²太阳光下照射30 min,降解率可达97%。     

Canopy slope effect on the performance of the solar chimney power plant

Solar chimney power plants constitute an impressive construction by its size and its output seems low for its dimensions. Although many works have been carried out on the subject, there is still much scientific and technical improvement to be done. In the present work, we consider the modeling of turbulent flow under the effect of natural convection within a solar chimney power plant (SCPP) by performing numerical simulation using the Saturne Code coupled with Syrthes code. The objective of the study is the analysis of the collector cover slope influence on the performance of the SCPP in two cases. In the first case, the storage system considered is composed solely of the ground under the collector. For the second case, the storage system is made, in addition to the ground, of a 10 cm thick tub filled with water, covering the entire surface of the collector. The concept of minimizing the entropy production is also studied with the objective of optimizing the geometric configuration as well as the effect of the collector cover slope on the efficiency of SCPP. The boundary conditions are defined according to the meteorological data for a typical day available on the site of Adrar, Algeria. The results allow us to focus on the storage system influence on the SCPP performance and the duration of its operation after sunset. This leads to the improvement of the global efficiency of the SCPP. Results show the positive impact of the extra storage media use and the configuration which improves the velocity at the chimney entrance.     

Performance study on evacuated tubular collector coupled solar still in West Texas climate

Experimental study was performed on a single basin active solar distillation system augmented with a solar collector using evacuated solar tubes. Field tests were conducted over several days under the climatic conditions of West Texas to evaluate the effect evacuated solar tubes have on the daily distillate yield rate. To investigate the feasibility of the solar tubes, active and passive solar stills with and without exterior insulation were examined. The maximum daily production rate for the active distillation system using evacuated solar tubes and the passive distillation system was 3.6 and 1.4 kg/m²day, respectively. The results showed the augmentation of the still with evacuated solar tubes increased its production capacity by a factor of 2.63. It also increased the maximum temperature of the water in the still basin by at least 20 °C. Economic analysis shows that it is feasible to use evacuated tubular collector coupled solar still as an alternative means for reclaiming water in farmlands with a payback period of approximately 6 years.     

Power performance characterization of multi-crystalline silicon solar cells and its module at outdoor exposure

Outdoor power performance measurements of silicon (Si) solar cells and its assembled module were carried out at the coastal site of geographical location of 12.0107° Latitude and 79.856° Longitude, of Puducherry, India. Measurements were analyzed in comparison with the daily solar illumination data obtained by an optical pyranometer deployed with global measurement condition. It was found that the module required ~3 times more illumination to stabilize in its output voltage than the requirement of an individual cell and exhibited 11.35% loss in its efficiency compared to its STC value. Proposed operation of 5.30 hours was found resulting in an output rating fixed at ~40% from its 100% full capacity.     

Indirect forced solar drying of banana slices: phenomenological explanation of non-isotropic shrinkage and color changes kinetics

Solar drying technology is a noteworthy technique as it uses the renewable solar energy. In this study, thin slices of banana were dried by using an indirect forced solar dryer at air mass flow rates of 0.016, 0.041, and 0.082 kg s^?1. In order to assess the kinetics of shrinkage and color changes, image processing technique was applied for determining area, volume, density, total color difference and browning index. Shrinkage factor of the samples was less than 1 during drying indicating non-isotropic shrinkage with contraction of inner voids. Furthermore, product shrinkage showed two descending drying steps in which the volume change was more than the evaporated water volume in the first step and equal to that in the second step. The dimensionless evaporated water volume with respect to the dimensionless volume difference of the product also revealed that two steps of volume change existed during drying separated at critical moisture ratio 0.23. The area and volume changes were only related to the product moisture content and were independent of the air mass flow rate, and hence air temperature. In contrary to the browning index, the total color difference was not influenced by air mass flow rate and the least change in browning index occurred at mass flow rate of 0.041 kg s^?1.     

Drying of salted silver jewfish in a hybrid solar drying system and under open sun: Modeling and performance analyses

This study investigated the thin-layer drying kinetics of salted silver jewfish in a hybrid solar drying system and under open sun. Ten drying models were compared with experimental data of salted silver jewfish drying. A new model was introduced, which is an offset linear logarithmic (offset modified Page model). The fit quality of the models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and sum of squared absolute error (SSAE). The result showed that Midilli et al. model and new model were comparable with two or three-term exponential drying models. This study also analyzed energy and exergy during solar drying of salted silver jewfish. Energy analysis throughout the solar drying process was estimated on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics, whereas exergy analysis during solar drying was determined on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics. At an average solar radiation of 540 W/m² and a mass flow rate of 0.0778 kg/sec, the collector efficiency and drying system efficiency were about 41% and 23%, respectively. Specific energy consumption was 2.92 kWh/kg. Moreover, the exergy efficiency during solar drying process ranged from 17% to 44%, with an average value of 31%. The values of improvement potential varied between 106 and 436 W, with an average of 236 W.     

Nano-textured polysilicon solar absorption films

Nano-textured polysilicon (poly-Si) solar absorption films are to be applied to the solar receiver of solar thermal electricity Stirling engine. These films were fabricated by deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films (a-Si:H) into poly-Si films, using the pulse-wave modulation plasma and furnace annealing of the a-Si:H films. This is followed by wet etching of poly-Si films into nano-textured structures. The films are then coated with a-SiN_x:H films as the antireflection and protection layers. It was observed that increasing the pulsed plasma turn-on (t_on) time leads to deposition of less dense a-Si:H film with high hydrogen content and void density. This results in films having low dielectric constant and refractive index, and high optical bandgap. Less-dense a-Si:H film can be transferred into large grain size poly-Si film, using annealing. Also, highly rough nano-textured surface structure can be produced, by etching. The denser a-Si:H film, large grain size poly-Si film, and nano-textured surface poly-Si film can enhance the absorbance of sunlight and reduce the emissivity of far infrared light. The nano-textured poly-Si film coated with an a-SiN_x:H layer can effectively increase the absorbance of sunlight to approximately 85% and reduce the emissivity of far infrared light to 49%. The nano-textured poly-Si/a-SiN_x:H films can be used as efficient solar absorption films for solar thermal electricity Stirling engine.