炼钢精炼渣气固碳酸化反应吸附CO2

采用炼钢精炼渣,通过气固碳酸化反应吸附CO₂,考察了不同吸附温度下精炼渣对纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的吸附能力。实验结果表明：吸附温度对精炼渣吸附CO₂反应有显著的影响,升高温度可以提高精炼渣对CO₂的吸附能力;在400 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量分别为4.7 mg/g和9.8 mg/g;吸附温度升高到500 ℃和550 ℃时,精炼渣对纯CO₂的吸附能力强于高炉煤气中CO₂;在550 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量达到最高,分别为14.7 mg/g和12.9 mg/g。     

Critical review for the quantification of leachate production: Evaluation example for the “Oum Azza” public landfill in Rabat city,Morocco

The estimation of leachate quantities produced in landfills is necessary to dimension the treatment plants allowing to reduce the polluting load of these effluents and consequently avoid their negative impacts on the environment. Different leachate quantification methods were used in this study to assess the leachate volume produced at the Oum Azza landfill. The water balance method give comparable estimations of leachate production to the Ouled Berjal landfill ratio. The first method showed average values between 487 and 495 m³/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019, and at the same time, the second method gave values between 470 and 477 m³/day for the same years. In contrast, the World Bank ratio showed high values that vary between 2260 and 2295 m³/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019. The on-site data and the statistical analysis showed us that the World Bank ratio is not adapted for the estimation of the leachates produced in Oum Azza landfill, while the water balance and the ratio of Ouled Berjal landfill allowed to give comparable results to reality.     

生活垃圾堆肥工艺条件及其反应动力学研究

为了改善堆肥微环境 ,提高生活垃圾堆肥速率 ,研究堆肥工艺条件及其反应动力学是非常必要的。通过控制堆肥工艺条件 ,如初始温度、含水率、C/N比及堆料颗粒大小 ,研究生活垃圾堆肥过程中生物、化学及物理因素的变化。试验结果表明 ,生活垃圾堆肥反应符合一级反应动力学 ;合理控制堆肥初始反应条件 ,能明显提高堆肥效率。     

粉煤灰添加对城市多源有机废弃物联合堆肥效能及堆体细菌群落的影响

为实现粉煤灰和多源有机废弃物的高效资源化利用,采用好氧堆肥的方法,以厨余垃圾、鸡粪和锯末（15:5:2）混合原料为底物,添加底物总湿重的5 %和10 %的粉煤灰作为处理组（5 % FA和10 % FA）,并以不添加粉煤灰作为对照处理（CK）,通过测定联合堆肥过程中理化性质、养分元素和细菌群落结构的变化,探究不同粉煤灰添加量对联合堆肥的促进效果.结果表明,添加5 %和10 %粉煤灰可以显著提高联合堆肥的最高温度（56.6 ℃和56.9 ℃）并延长高温期持续时间（9 d）,相较于对照处理,堆体总养分含量分别提高了4.09 %和13.55 %.在整个堆肥过程中,细菌群落结构发生了较大变化,各处理的细菌多样性均出现了明显的提高.在堆肥前期,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是主要的优势门类,相对丰度在35.26 %~39.40 %之间.进入堆肥高温期,添加5 %和10 %粉煤灰处理中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度达到最高值,分别为52.46 %和67.72 %.芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）和放线菌属（Thermobifida）是5 %和10 %粉煤灰添加量处理高温期的优势菌属,相对丰度分别为33.41 %和62.89 %（芽孢杆菌属）、33.06 %和12.23 %（放线菌属）.冗余分析（RDA）结果表明不同理化指标对细菌群落均有不同程度影响,其中有效磷、速效钾、有机质以及pH是影响细菌群落结构的主要环境因子.综上,添加粉煤灰促进了城市多源有机废弃物联合好氧堆肥的无害化和腐熟化,优化了微生物群落结构,提高堆肥产品的质量和效率.     

含汞固废(危废)焙烧过程汞的迁移及治理技术研究

本文通过试验,阐明了舍汞固废（危废）焙烧过程中汞的迁移情况,并得到了焙烧治理技术的最佳工艺参数为：焙烧温度600℃、焙烧时间5h、炉内压力-50Pa—100Pa;焙烧后固废中残留汞含量小于0．0015％;汞回收率达95％左右。     

Ce/Zr系列催化剂上碳颗粒物燃烧行为

分别在TG和TPO上考察了CeO₂,ZrO₂及不同Ce/Zr比的CexZr1-xO₂固溶体催化剂上soot的燃烧性能,同时考察了反应气氛对活性的影响.结果表明:Ce基催化剂能明显降低soot的起燃温度,Ce/Zr比的不同导致Ce_xZr_1-xO₂催化剂性能的差异.反应的速度控制步骤随O₂浓度的不同而改变;H₂O对Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂上soot的氧化活性基本没有影响;由于NO氧化产生的NO₂具有更强的的氧化能力,因此NO对soot的燃烧具有促进作用,起燃温度降低了30℃.催化剂上的β氧种参与了soot燃烧过程.     

Environmental effects and risk control of antibiotic resistance genes in the organic solid waste aerobic composting system: A review

• ARGs were detected in livestock manure, sludge, food waste and fermentation dregs. • The succession of microbial community is an important factor affecting ARGs. • Horizontal transfer mechanism of ARGs during composting should be further studied. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been diffusely detected in several kinds of organic solid waste, such as livestock manure, sludge, antibiotic fermentation residues, and food waste, thus attracting great attention. Aerobic composting, which is an effective, harmless treatment method for organic solid waste to promote recycling, has been identified to also aid in ARG reduction. However, the effect of composting in removing ARGs from organic solid waste has recently become controversial. Thus, this article summarizes and reviews the research on ARGs in relation to composting in the past 5 years. ARGs in organic solid waste could spread in different environmental media, including soil and the atmosphere, which could widen environmental risks. However, the conventional composting technology had limited effect on ARGs removal from organic solid waste. Improved composting processes, such as hyperthermophilic temperature composting, could effectively remove ARGs, and the HGT of ARGs and the microbial communities are identified as vital influencing factors. Currently, during the composting process, ARGs were mainly affected by three response pathways, (I) “Microenvironment-ARGs”; (II) “Microenvironment-microorganisms-ARGs”; (III) “Microorganisms-horizontal gene transfer-ARGs”, respectively. Response pathway II had been studied the most which was believed that microbial community was an important factor affecting ARGs. In response pathway III, mainly believed that MGEs played an important role and paid less attention to eARGs. Further research on the role and impact of eARGs in ARGs may be considered in the future. It aims to provide support for further research on environmental risk control of ARGs in organic solid waste.     

云南省城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放特征

根据《IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》和《省级温室气体清单编制指南》方法,建立2018年云南省16个州(市)城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放清单,包括生活垃圾填埋和焚烧处理过程,并分析了温室气体排放的时间分布、空间分布和影响因素等。结果表明;(1)2018年云南省生活垃圾处理温室气体总排放量为536万t CO_2当量,各州(市)间排放量差异明显,滇中经济发达地区和滇东北人口密度较高地区排放量明显高于滇西北地区。(2)2005—2018年,云南省生活垃圾处理排放的温室气体量增长了191.3%,温室气体排放组成发生明显变化,CH4比重不断下降,CO_2比重不断增加。(3)城镇人口数量、生活垃圾处理量、经济发展水平与温室气体排放量显著相关,其中人口数量更为明显。     

通过式固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中18种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS;MS)快速测定蔬菜中18种农药残留的方法.样品经乙腈提取后,经Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱.采用电喷雾电离源、正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)进行定性和定量分析.结果表明,18种农药在0.5—50μg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.995),方法最低检出限为0.4—1.5μg·kg^-1,最低定量限为1.4—5.0μg·kg^-1.在韭菜、芹菜、番茄、白菜基质中,5、10、50μg·kg^-1添加水平下的加标回收率为60.2%—126.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.4%—21.6%(n=3).     

降解和压缩作用下城市生活垃圾的持水量变化

在自制的城市生活垃圾降解-压缩-渗流仪中开展了5组持水量试验,分别研究不同温度和逐级递增应力条件下新鲜高厨余垃圾的持水量随时间的变化,新鲜高厨余、新鲜无厨余和基本降解垃圾的持水量随应力的变化.试验结果表明：在恒定应力条件下,新鲜高厨余垃圾的持水量随时间呈指数下降,即MRC=a-b（1-exp（-ct^d））;在应力10kPa和室温（0～27℃）条件下,持水量下降较慢（c=0.003,d=1.18）;在应力10kPa和恒温（40±3℃）条件下,持水量下降较快（c=0.173,d=0.601）;应力从50kPa逐级递增至100kPa、200kPa和400kPa后,持水量分别瞬时下降3.0%、2.3%和1.9%;新鲜高厨余、新鲜无厨余和基本降解垃圾的持水量均随应力的对数呈线性下降,即MRC=m-n×lg（σ）;当应力从10kPa增大至400kPa时,新鲜高厨余、基本降解和新鲜无厨余垃圾的持水量分别从63.0%、46.5%和37.9%下降至46.0%、35.3%和30.4%.通过对比分析国内外持水量试验结果,揭示了在相同应力条件下新鲜垃圾持水量随厨余含量的增加而增大、不同组分老垃圾持水量基本相同的规律.分析了生化降解和应力压缩对新鲜高厨余垃圾持水量的影响机理,并提出了增大新鲜高厨余垃圾脱水速率和脱水量的工程建议.