一体式光催化氧化-膜分离流化床反应器性能的研究

通过对光催化氧化和有机膜分离技术的耦合,设计了一种新型一体式光催化氧化-膜分离流化床反应器,并通过利用颗粒状TiO2催化剂(粒径0.28～0.33 μm)对浓度为10 mg/L的酸性红B模拟废水的降解实验,研究了反应器的性能.结果表明,反应器中TiO2的加入量以2 g/L为宜,废水脱色率达98%;膜组件底部的曝气装置可大大减轻膜污染,"表面冲洗 反冲洗"的清洗方法能够有效地恢复膜通量.     

城市生活垃圾堆肥处理工程技术发展探讨

文章分析了我国城市生活垃圾堆肥陷入滞销困境多年的原因，指出摆脱这一困境的技术途径是要大幅度提高堆肥品质。而要实现这一目标，首先必须引进先进的堆肥翻堆技术，缩短腐熟时间，提高腐熟度；其次是应用气流密度分选系统对粗堆肥进行精分选。     

空中交通管制进近程序间隔安全性评估模型

空中交通的飞行冲突问题日益严重,笔者认为对空中飞行碰撞风险问题研究非常必要,旨在建立进近程序间隔评估模型。通过对影响进近间隔因素的分析确定了各因素对进近间隔的影响程度。应用假设平移法证明了导航台(VOR/NDB)顶空盲区内飞机报告过台位置偏离顶空盲区中心的距离与该距离下报告的飞机数量服从正态分布。应用概率等数学方法计算求得各因素决定的间隔,由各因素间的相互关系确定了模型间隔如何满足各因素确定的间隔。建立了进近间隔评估模型并对模型进行了验证和推广。     

绿色水处理技术的应用与发展

采用绿色水处理技术是实现水资源可持续发展、环境保护和生态安全的重要措施。文章列举了膜分离、绿色氧化、绿色絮凝以及超声波、微波、电磁场等环保水处理技术,以及在国内外的研究应用现状探讨了绿色水处理技术的发展趋势。     

Carbon Molecular Sieving Membranes Derived from Lignin-Based Materials

Carbon molecular sieving membranes were prepared by pyrolysis of lignocresol derived from lignin by the phase-separation method. Lignocresol membranes formed by a dip process on a porous -alumina tubing were carbonized at 400–800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The thickness of the membrane formed on the outer surface of the substrate was about 400 nm judging from SEM observation. Gas-evolving behavior of lignocresol was measured using thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The gaseous products evolved from lignocresol included a number of fragments with higher molecular weights; whereas those from phenolic resin are mainly due to phenol and methylphenol. These evolved pyrolysis fragments effectively contribute to micropore formation of carbonized lignocresol membranes. Gas permeation rates through the membrane decreased in the order of increasing kinetic molecular diameter of the penetrant gas, and the membrane behaved like a molecular sieve. The permeation properties were dependent on heating conditions, and a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C gave the best membrane performance. Gas selectivities of the membrane prepared at 600°C were 50, 8, 290, and 87 for CO₂/N₂, O₂/N₂, H₂/CH₄, and CO₂/CH₄ at 35°C, respectively.     

电渗析技术的新进展

电渗析技术是膜分离技术之一 ,由于具有高效、低能耗等特点已经被多个行业广泛使用。本文阐述了几种新的电渗析技术 ,包括无隔板电渗析、填充床电渗析、双极膜电渗析等 ,并探讨和综述其研究现状和发展前景。     

废印刷电路板的静电分选实验研究

金属与非金属材料的分离是回收利用废印刷电路板的关键环节。对废印刷电路板物料的静电分选进行了实验研究。实验以电压、辊筒转速、电晕电极与辊筒之间的距离、静电极位置、电晕电极位置、电晕电极数量等为考察因素,研究各因素对电选效果的影响规律。结果表明,影响金属与非金属材料分离的主要因素是电压、辊筒转速和电晕电极与辊筒之间的距离,对于-0.9 0.45mm的破碎物料,当电压为24kV,辊筒转速为15Hz(54.6r/min),电晕电极与辊筒之间的距离为5.2cm时,得到最大静电分选综合效率67.37%。     

Phosphorus resources,their depletion and conservation,a review

Yearly, about 22 × 10¹² g phosphorus (P) from mined fossil phosphate resources are added to the world economy. The size of remaining fossil phosphate resources is uncertain but practically finite. Thus, fossil P resources may become depleted by ongoing mining. Despite calls for resource conservation, fossil P resources have been depleted at an increasing rate. Geographically, fossil P supply and demand are distributed in an increasingly uneven way, which has geopolitical consequences and may well affect security of supply. Current use of P gives rise to negative environmental impacts due to P losses from the economy and contaminants derived from fossil P resources. There may also be negative impacts on human health. Reducing the demand for fossil phosphorus may reduce environmental burdens and may improve the future security of supply. Technically speaking, there is much scope for the reduction of current demand for fossil P resources. Limiting consumption of P to essential uses, increased efficiency of agricultural use and increased recycling of P may substantially contribute to the reduction of demand for fossil P resources. Recycling of P has to face concerns regarding the efficiency of P recovery, pathogenic organisms and contaminating substances. Much work remains to be done to effectively address those concerns.     

热能（火用）平衡在芳烃分离装置清洁生产审核中的实践

运用热能（火用）平衡理论于芳烃分离装置清洁生产审核中,建立了芳烃分离装置热能（火用）平衡。热能（火用）平衡测算结果表明：此芳烃分离装置的热能利用效率（实际）为61．65％、热（火用）利用效率（实际）为59．77％、热力学第一定律效率和热力学第二定律效率分别为23．93％和7．76％。依据清洁生产审核思路,对此芳烃分离装置的热能（火用）利用效率进行了原因分析并提出了预防对策,可为提出清洁生产方案提供定量化依据。     

厌氧发酵沼气提纯技术研究进展

厌氧消化产生的沼气主要成分是甲烷(CH4)50%～70%和二氧化碳(CO2)30%～50%,是一种可持续有价值的能量来源。随着矿石燃料的枯竭,沼气利用的需求不断增长,将沼气提纯到甲烷含量90%以上可取代天然气而受到广泛关注。目前沼气提纯在工业上主要通过变压吸附、吸收或膜分离等技术实现CO2的去除,也有研究者探索了原位沼气提纯技术,即在厌氧反应器中通过一定的措施实现沼气提纯,为现阶段沼气提纯技术提供新的思路和研究方向。