膜与活性炭组合工艺处理天然水的研究进展

活性炭吸附作为膜分离技术处理天然水的预处理,可以有效去除水中膜本身难以去除的低分子溶解性有机物,减少三卤甲烷等物的生成,同时减轻膜的污染。阐述了活性炭和膜技术组合工艺处理天然水的研究进展。     

Characterization studies of a semi‐automated separation method for analysis of non‐ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in environmental samples

Non‐ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners can account for the majority of the dioxin‐like toxicity in environmental samples, yet analysis for these congeners is difficult because other PCB congeners co‐elute with them in most Chromatographic methods. An automated method was developed which incorporates a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column which is commercially available. Non‐ortho substituted congeners were successfully separated from interfering PCB congeners. Recoveries of non‐ortho substituted congeners were consistently reproducible (CV < 9%) when chicken eggs were fortified with individual congeners.     

气体分离装置火灾爆炸危险性评价及对策

运用美国道化学公司危险指数评价法对气体分离装置进行定量化的安全评价,结合评价结果给出采取的对策和措施,以进一步降低危险性.     

磁性分子印迹材料在生物大分子分离方面的研究及应用

磁性分子印迹材料（MMIPs）具有识别性强、化学和物理稳定性高、生物兼容性好、回收简单、可重复使用等优点,已发展成为高亲和性、高选择性分离小分子物质的重要手段. 生物大分子,如糖类、蛋白质和核酸等,因其传质阻力大、结构复杂,MMIPs在生物大分子分离方面的研究和应用相对滞后. 本文简要介绍了MMIPs技术的原理、制备方法及其在生物医药、环境监测、环境治理等领域的应用现状,并重点综述了MMIPs分离生物大分子方面的最新进展和有待解决的问题,以期为MMIPs在生物大分子分离领域的发展和应用提供参考.     

用硅橡胶平板复合膜分离苯酚时总传质系数的影响因素

用硅橡胶平板复合膜处理高浓度含酚废水,测定了体系的总传质系数（Kov）,分析了温度、盐离子强度、跨膜压差（△p）、膜厚度对Kov的影响。实验结果表明：Kov随温度的升高而呈线性增加,传质通量与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程;当△p〈0．1MPa时,Kov与压力无关;当△p〉0．1MPa时,压差升高可提高传质系数,但会导致膜的致密化;离子强度改变了苯酚在相间的分配系数,进而影响传质过程;膜厚度降低能有效提高膜的Kov;在膜活性皮层厚度4μm、pH12．5～13．0、温度323．15K、废水流量1205mL／min、废水中苯酚质量浓度7．78g/L、无压差和离子强度的条件下,运行8h后,Kov为16．1&#215;10^-7m／s。     

Environmentally significant photochemistry of chlorinated benzenes and their derivatives in aquatic systems†

The pollution of soil and aquatic environments by chlorinated aromatic pollutants (CAPs) such as polychlorobenzenes (PCBzs), polychlorophenols (PCPs), polychloro‐diphenyl ethers (PCDPEs), phenoxyacetic acids, etc., creates growing public anxiety. Phototransformation is an important process for pollutants in aquatic systems. This article extensively reviews the environmentally significant solution phase photochemistry of PCBzs as well as other CAPs derived therefrom. The paper includes photochemical fate of these CAPs at wavelengths >285 nm on the one hand and their photolysis in solution in aquatic systems on the other. In this article, photolytic reductive dechlorination and isomerization of PCBzs are reviewed together with the photoformation of several products including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from PCBzs. Recently developed phenomena of photoincorporation of PCBzs into humic model monomers is also described. This review also describes the environmental photochemistry of chlorobenzene derivatives, namely, α‐substituted p‐chlorotoluenes of the general structure p‐ClC₆H₄CH₂‐X (X = H, Cl, CN, COOH and OH), di‐through pentachlorophenols, PCDPEs (having Cl_1–5 contents) with and without o‐OH substituents, and 2,4‐di‐ and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D and 2,4,5‐T, respectively) as well as their esters and some formulations.     

溶剂气浮分离法的基础研究

本文研究了待分离物呈表面活性物系（甲基橙－十六烷基氯化吡啶、十六烷基氯化吡啶）和呈疏水性物系（铜－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、镍－丁二酮肟）的溶液气浮变化规律。红外光谱分析表明，分离效率的高低与有机相和气浮分离物相互作用的强弱不相关。通过高速摄影及计算证明，水相和有机相两相界面间的稳定的气泡层存在，它一方面使待分离物质在水相中的停留时间在大增加，另一方面又保护了已捕集的待分离物质，从而增加了气泡吸附总     

TiO2-MoS2/PVDF复合膜的制备及油水分离性能

随着工业废水和生活污水排放的增加,含油废水和乳化油水混合物的分离引起社会的广泛关注. 然而,克服油水密度的限制,开发出可以分别过滤油水混合物、水包轻油乳液及水包重油乳液的分离膜具有挑战性,但迫在眉睫. 将亲水/水下疏油性的棒状TiO₂与疏水/水下亲油性的MoS₂纳米花球复合后制备TiO₂-MoS₂材料,再以PVDF为基底真空抽滤制备出TiO₂-MoS₂/PVDF复合膜,所制备的复合膜呈超亲水/超亲油/水下疏油性,且水下油滴附着力低. 在不进行任何预润湿处理的情况下,TiO₂-MoS₂/PVDF复合膜对油水两相混合物,水包轻油乳液和水包重油乳液的分离与TiO₂/PVDF膜和MoS₂/PVDF膜相比效率均有不同程度的提高. 本研究克服了分离不同密度的水包油乳液对膜的选择性,为油水分离膜在同时过滤水包轻质/重质油乳液上提供了新的思路.