季铵化纳米SiO2-N+@PCMS荷电改性正渗透复合膜及其对四环素的分离性能

通过化学法合成叔胺化纳米SiO₂(SiO₂-N)和聚对氯甲基苯乙烯(PCMS),利用SiO₂-N中的叔胺基与PCMS中的氯甲基反应,生成大分子季铵化纳米SiO₂(SiO₂-N⁺@PCMS),通过进一步与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,以相转化法制备纳米荷电改性的PCMS/PVDF支撑底膜,进而采用界面聚合法制备正渗透(FO)复合膜.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、zeta电位计和接触角测定仪等对支撑底膜和FO膜表面的化学结构、形貌、荷电性和亲水性等进行了分析,并通过正渗透装置对膜的分离性能进行了测试.结果表明该改性正渗透膜具有较好的荷正电性能,且随着SiO₂-N的加入可以有效提高正渗透膜的亲水性和分离性能,添加2%的SiO₂-N改性正渗透膜的纯水通量最高可达到22.76 L·m^-2·h^-1,对四环素的截留率可达到98.5%,经3次水-四环素-水循环过滤后,纯水通量恢复率仍然可达到9...     

磁化学技术在水处理中的应用

对近年来磁化学技术在水处理中的应用做了比较全面的综述。介绍了磁化学技术的发展、磁分离技术的原理和分类及磁种强化处理废水 ,并对磁化学技术的应用领域进行了详细讨论。     

热解技术处理废弃电路板的研究进展

介绍了回收废弃电路板的热分离方法,综述了热解技术在废弃电路板处理中的研究现状及其所具有的优势。阐述了废弃电路板热解产物的资源价值及热解油的分离与提纯的研究现状,讨论了热解技术处理废弃电路板过程中消除剧毒有机溴化合物及HBr回收的研究进展,同时简介了真空热解技术的研究概况,并指出真空热解技术是今后处理废弃电路板的研究方向之一,有广阔的应用前景。     

Boiling treatment of ABS and PS plastics for flotation separation

A new physical method, namely boiling treatment, was developed to aid flotation separation of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and polystyrene (PS) plastics. Boiling treatment was shown to be effective in producing a hydrophilic surface on ABS plastic. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanism of boiling treatment of ABS. Surface rearrangement of polymer may be responsible for surface change of boiling treated ABS, and the selective influence of boiling treatment on the floatability of boiling treated plastics may be attributed to the difference in the molecular mobility of polymer chains. The effects of flotation time, frother concentration and particle size on flotation behavior of simple plastic were investigated. Based on flotation behavior of simple plastic, flotation separation of boiling treatment ABS and PS with different particle sizes was achieved efficiently. The purity of ABS and PS was up to 99.78% and 95.80%, respectively; the recovery of ABS and PS was up to 95.81% and 99.82%, respectively. Boiling treatment promotes the industrial application of plastics flotation and facilitates plastic recycling.     

Reduction–melting combined with a Na2CO3 flux recycling process for lead recovery from cathode ray tube funnel glass

With large quantity of flux (Na₂CO₃), lead can be recovered from the funnel glass of waste cathode-ray tubes via reduction–melting at 1000 °C. To reduce flux cost, a technique to recover added flux from the generated oxide phase is also important in order to recycle the flux recovered from the reduction–melting process. In this study, the phase separation of sodium and the crystallization of water-soluble sodium silicates were induced after the reduction–melting process to enhance the leachability of sodium in the oxide phase and to extract the sodium from the phase for the recovery of Na₂CO₃ as flux. A reductive atmosphere promoted the phase separation and crystallization, and the leachability of sodium from the oxide phase was enhanced. The optimum temperature and treatment time for increasing the leachability were 700 °C and 2 h, respectively. After treatment, more than 90% of the sodium in the oxide phase was extracted in water. NaHCO₃ can be recovered by carbonization of the solution containing sodium ions using carbon dioxide gas, decomposed to Na₂CO₃ at 50 °C and recycled for use in the reduction–melting process.     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonswith supercritical fluid extractionand chromatography (SFE/SFC )

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纳滤膜在水处理中的应用

综述了纳滤膜的特点 ,包括孔径范围处于纳米级 ,膜体带有电性基团 ,操作压力低 ,对二价和高价离子的截留率明显高于单价离子等。介绍了纳滤膜在水处理中的应用 ,包括软化水处理、饮用水净化、地下水中硝酸盐的去除、二级污水的深度处理、工业废水的处理等。     

磁性吸附剂MZFS吸附偶氮染料中性红的性能及机理

利用正硅酸乙酯水解制备得到"核-壳"结构的磁性吸附剂MZF@SiO₂（MZFS），采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）和傅利叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对MZFS的结构和性能进行表征，并研究MZFS对偶氮染料中性红（NR）的吸附性能.结果表明，拟二级动力学和Freundlich模型均能较好地描述该吸附过程，吸附过程的速率控制步骤为化学吸附；吸附自由能E为0.472-0.773kJ/mol，△G为-20~0kJ/mol，△H为37.5kJ/mol，表明该过程是以物理吸附为主的自发吸热过程.FT-IR结果表明吸附的主要作用力为分子间氢键，MZFS可采用15% wt H₂O₂进行原位再生.研究结果能为偶氮染料废水处理方法的革新提供基础理论数据.     

Remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with membrane separation techniques

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膜分离稀土废水预处理中钙镁去除的研究进展

稀土废水成分复杂,硬度高,利用膜法处理时,进膜之前必须进行预处理.介绍了降低稀土废水硬度传统的和新型的方法.经过分析得出,根据具体水质情况,选择适当的互补处理方法,稀土废水完全可达到膜分离装置进水水质要求.