钢渣中磁性矿物的赋存特性对分选效果的影响研究

对新余钢铁公司0～10 mm的细粒钢渣干式磁选分离所得到的产品进行扫描电镜检测、分析,找出了影响细粒钢渣干式磁选指标难以得到提高的原因,用于指导生产实践。研究结果表明:钢渣在干式磁选过程中,包裹有微细粒的金属铁或与金属铁连生的浮氏体以及具有一定磁性的铁酸盐容易进入磁性分离物中,这些物质自身铁品位较低,从而造成了磁性分离物中铁品位的降低。     

液体旋流分离器压力损失的研究

液体旋流分离器是水环境污染治理的主要设备之一。压力损失是衡量液体旋流分离器分离过程能耗大小的重要技术指标,也是选择水泵扬程的依据。当前液体旋流分离器设计过程还缺少具体量化的理论依据。通过液体旋流分离器的性能实验,得出液体旋流分离器各部结构尺寸、形状、相对比例对压力损失的不同影响程度,提出结构参数的最佳取值范围。为液体旋流分离器的设计提供了依据及应遵循的原则。并在实验结果的基础上,归纳汇总出一般常用型液体旋流分离器压力损失的计算公式,该计算公式具有一般性。     

Selective separation and preconcentration studies of chromium(VI) with Alamine 336 supported liquid membrane

Chromium compounds have received considerable attention because these are used extensively in such industrial applications as electroplating, steelmaking, tanning of leather goods, and corrosion inhibition. The use of supported liquid membranes (SLMs) to remove metals from wastewaters has actively been pursued by the scientific and industrial community. In the present work, the selective separation and preconcentration of Cr(VI) ions has been studied by using a commercial amine as the membrane liquid on the porous polypropylene support. Permeation experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale batch reactor made up of perspex, with a memberane fixed amid the two chambers. The flux of Cr(VI) ions was found to be maximum (3.15?×?10^?5?mol?cm^?2?s^?1) around pH 1. Above and below this pH the flux decreases. Distribution studies show that an increase in the amine concentration leads to higher distribution coefficients at fixed pH values. At pH around unity, the distribution of Cr(VI) ions into the organic phase was found to be maximum, of the order of 56.3. The Cr(VI) transport through the membrane increases with rise in temperature. In order to check the long-term efficiency of the flat sheet SLM, an experiment was conducted with higher Cr(VI) concentration (5000?ppm) for 24?h, at optimised parameters. It was observed that in 24?h, about 1/5th of the feed Cr(VI) is left over while the rest is transported. However, minute organic droplets were also seen in the feed and strip compartments, after 1 day. This observation suggested the loss of membrane liquid. The feasibility of preconcentration of Cr(VI) by using the proposed SLM parameters, was also studied by using the hollow fibre (HF) system. Highest enrichment factor (E.F) value was obtained for 50?mg?L^?1 whereby all of the metal was transported to the stripping phase and the resulting Cr concentration was 688?mg?L^?1 (E.F?=?13.8). It was observed that while treating more diluted solutions, the enrichment factor decreases. The values of E.F equal to 8.9 and 11.3 were found for initial Cr concentration of 10 and 30?mg?L^?1.     

聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)对水中微量多环芳烃的仿生吸附

基于生物体组织可对水体中低浓度有机污染物的高倍富集现象,以一种微生物细胞内广泛合成的聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)为吸附剂,对水溶液中微量的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行仿生吸附研究.实验选取萘、菲和芘为模型污染物,考察了温度、时间、溶液pH和吸附剂用量等因素对吸附效果的影响,并分别以经典的吸附动力学模型、等温吸附模型和吸附热力学模型对吸附过程的机理进行了分析.结果表明,PHB对微量的萘(<1500μg.L-1)、菲(<1000μg.L-1)和芘(<130μg.L-1)具有较高的吸附速率,分别在60、120、80 min即可基本达到平衡,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型;3种多环芳烃的等温吸附曲线用Henry、Langmuir和Freundlich方程进行拟合,线性关系良好,反映出PHB仿生吸附剂与PAHs之间存在着"吸溶"作用而非通常的位点吸附;考察分配系数Kd与Kow、温度的关系,发现Kd与Kow呈正相关,与温度呈负相关;低温有利于吸附,PHB对菲和芘的吸附为自发过程,而对萘的吸附为非自发过程.上述仿生吸附原理的阐明对微污染水处理技术的研究具有重要指导作用.     

隧道二次衬砌与初期支护间脱空原因分析及处理

随着隧道在线路中占的比重增大,其在施工过程中的质量问题也愈发明显.隧道衬砌结构的病害一般分为表面病害和非表面病害,隧道脱空是导致隧道产生多种形式病害的原因之一,随着新奥法的推广和应用,现在隧道一般都采用初期支护、防水层、二次衬砌构成的复合式衬砌结构,二次衬砌脱空问题变得十分普遍,这种病害形式将显著改变结构的受力状态,增大二次衬砌结构受拉破坏的可能性,不利于衬砌结构继续承载.本文对隧道二次衬砌脱空产生的原因进行综合分析,提出相应的预防对策,并结合金宝顶隧道洞门二次衬砌与初期支护间脱空对隧道脱空治理的关键技术进行探讨分析.     

Purification and characterization of Al13 species in coagulant polyaluminum chloride

Nano-Al₁₃ was separated and purified by four methods to investigate its characteristic, and was analyzed by Al-Ferron timed complexation spectrophotometer,²⁷ Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Coagulation efficiency of nano-Al₁₃, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and AlCl₃ in synthetic water were also investigated by jar test. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with nano-Al₁₃, PAC, and AlCl₃ were also investigated. The experimental results indicated that the efficiency of gel column chromatography method was the highest for separating PAC solution with low Al concentration. Ethanol and acetone method was simple and could separated PAC solution with different Al concentrations, while silicon alkylation white block column chromatography method could separate PAC solution only with low Al concentration. The SO₄²−/Ba²⁺ displacement method could separate PAC solution with high Al concentration, but extra inorganic cation and anion could be introduced into the solution during the separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that nano- Al₁₃ with a high positive-charged species was the main species of electric neutralization in coagulation process, and it could reduce the turbidity and increase the effective particles collision rate efficiently in coagulation process. Its coagulation speed and the particle size of coagulant formed were of greatest value in this study.     

特厚易发火煤层沿空巷道顶板离层分析及控制技术

特厚易发火煤层沿空巷道变形严重、覆岩裂隙和离层发育范围广,易与采空区进行气体交流,同时大大降低顶板的承载能力,影响巷道安全使用,故对巷道顶板离层机理的研究十分必要。以彬县水帘洞矿3802工作面沿空巷道为工程背景,通过直接顶的特性和岩层质量指数建立特厚煤层沿空巷道覆岩结构模型,依据离层机理的不同将顶板离层分为上部结构区、中部稳定区和下部离层区,并分别阐释其离层特征及控制思路;在上述基础上,提出离层控制方案;通过FLAC3D数值软件验证方案中锚杆（索）各项参数的合理性;最后监测结果表明支护方案设计合理,离层效果控制明显,工程实践证明了研究结果的可行性。     

油田采出液乳化程度的影响因素试验研究

通过模拟油田采出液,考察了油水比、聚合物、表面活性剂及天然固体颗粒物对油田采出液乳化程度的影响。试验表明:随着油水比下降,模拟水样含油量降低,油珠Zeta电位升高,平均粒径变大,水样乳化稳定性减弱;HPAM会吸附于油珠表面从而增强其负电性,降低油珠间的有效碰撞,使油珠的平均粒径较小,导致油水分离较困难;表面活性剂会直接降低水样的表面张力,增强油水亲和性,导致水样含油量增大,同时增强了油珠的负电性,不利于油珠的集结聚并;天然固体颗粒物本身有一定的电负性,降低了油珠的Zeta电位,增加油珠的静电排斥,妨碍油珠的聚并,同时使水样的含油量升高,最终导致乳状液稳定。     

Y型沸石膜的制备及在二氯乙烷和氮气混合物分离中的应用

在多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷管的外表面水热合成NaY型沸石膜,用XRD及SEM表征所合成的膜.并将合成出的膜用于分离二氯乙烷和氮气的混合物,考察了不同压力差对分离效果的影响.实验结果表明,将渗透压差控制在50 kPa,既可保证有较高的渗透率,又有一定的分离因数.     

磁性粒子/介孔碳的合成及其吸附性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为模板,采用三氯化铁和蔗糖同步浇铸的方法,利用纳米刻蚀技术合成了Fe-Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子/介孔碳复合体(简称磁性粒子/介孔碳)。XRD分析和高分辨透射电子显微镜表征结果表明,磁性粒子/介孔碳中含有强磁性粒子——Fe3O4和α-Fe。在初始罗丹明B质量浓度为200 mg/L的溶液中加入于碳化温度为800 oC下制得的磁性粒子/介孔碳1 mg/L,吸附190 min后,平衡吸附量为329 mg/g。吸附后的磁性粒子/介孔碳在乙醇中的脱附率可达93.7%。通过外加磁场可将吸附后的磁性粒子/介孔碳与溶液分离。