单锥轻质分散相液-液水力旋流器的内流场预测

本采用内流场模型，计算了轻质分散相液液旋流器内的流线分布与速度分量。结果表明：轻质分散相旋流器内的流线分布状况明显不同于固液旋流器。理论预测的轴向速度分布能够与实测数据很好地吻合；切向流速分布随轴向位置有微量的变化，与径向坐标之间的关系可按半自由涡形式拟合，但拟合出的指数约在0．35～0．39之间．明显低于固液旋流器中相同的指数；径向速度分量明显随轴线位置变化，与径向位置之间成线形关系。径向速度分量与轴向速度和切向速度相比大约小两个数量级。     

国外油污处理技术简介

为了提高对油污的处理效果,针对目前石油企业在油污处理中存在的问题,介绍了一些石油公司及研究机构在确定处理方法时所遵循的基本原则,同时还介绍了一种在国外成功推广使用的处理方法。欧洲某油田废水的处理实践表明:当油田废水中含水率为99%、含油率为0.5%、含固体物质0.5%时,运用该处理技术,用三相超高速离心分离器对油污进行分离和处理,分离处理后的水中含油量低于10mg/L,处理后的污水可直接排放或回收利用。     

STRATEGIES FOR SEPARATING METALS FROM ACID MINE WATERS1

ABSTRACT: Strategies for the precipitation and separation of the primary metal ions, Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Cd(II) in acid waste waters such as those in tributaries of the upper Sacramento River in northern California, are discussed. The strategies exploit the: (1) differential oxygen and hydrogen peroxide oxidation and precipitation properties of the metal ions as a function of pH, (2) the addition of ions, such as Mg^{2 +} and Cl^-, to reduce unfavorable coprecipitation, and (3) the facilitation of oxidation-reduction reactions between metal ions and the stabilization of particular oxidation states. This may be accomplished with specific complexing agents such as thiocyanate, SCN^-, and thiourea (TU), S = C(NH₂)₂ in order to separate copper at low pH as Cu(I) using Fe(II) as a reducing agent.     

大气污染控制中高梯度磁分离技术的研究与应用

概述了高梯度磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫除灰、烟气除尘方面的应用与研究进展以及超导磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫方面的研究，并展望了超导磁分离技术在环境保护中的应用前景。     

液液萃取新技术在贵金属分离中的应用

从萃取体系的新方法方面阐述了近年液液萃取研究中值得注意的一些新进展，及其在贵金属分离中的应用和进展。     

Magnetophoretic separation of Chlorella sp.: Role of cationic polymer binder

Cationic polyelectrolyte promoted effective attachment of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) onto microalgal cells through electrostatic attraction. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and chitosan (ChiL), both are cationic polymer, are feasible to act as binding agent to promote rapid magnetophoretic separation of Chlorella sp. through low gradient magnetic separation (LGMS) with field gradient ▿B less than 80 T/m in real time. Cell separation efficiency up to 98% for the case of PDDA and 99% for the case of ChiL can be achieved in 6 min when 3 × 10⁷ cells/mL Chlorella sp. are exposed to 300 mg/L surface functionalized-IONPs (SF-IONPs). Different polyelectrolytes do not give significant effect on cell separation efficiency as long as the particle attachment occurred. However, the PDDA is more preferable as the binder for all type of microalgae medium than the chitosan (ChiL) since it is not pH dependent. SF-IONPs coated with PDDA guarantee the cell separation performance for all pH range of cell medium, with 98.21 ± 0.40% at pH 8.84. On the other hand, the ChiL performance will be affected by the cell medium pH, with only 22.93 ± 31.03% biomass recovery at pH 9.25.     

烟花爆竹工程外部最小允许距离分析

外部最小允许距离是《烟花爆竹工程设计安全规范》(GB 50161)中的一个很重要的术语和参数,在烟花爆竹工程设计、验收和安全评价等活动中处于十分重要的地位。解释了标准中外部最小允许距离的定义内涵和外延,强调了最小允许距离的承载主体是危险品生产区厂房、危险品总仓库区仓库等1.1级、1.3级建构筑物,分析了确定最小允许距离的理论依据和前提条件,为标准使用者理解和应用外部最小允许距离术语提供了全面和深入分析。针对目前参数使用中的实际问题,提出了标准修订建议。     

Charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration membrane embracing dissociated functional groups

The current work focused on the investigation of charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration （NF） membrane embracing dissociated functional groups under different electrolyte solutions. The electro-kinetic method was carried out to assess the membrane volume charge density （X） with different salt concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mol. m-3 and different electrolyte species, such as type 1-1, type 2-1 and type 3-1. The Donnan steric pore model-dielectric exclusion （DSPM- DE） model was employed to evaluate the separation characteristics of the NF membrane for wide range of electrolyte concentration （from 25.7 to 598.9mol·m^-3）. The results indicated that the dissociation of the hydro- philic functional groups and the specific adsorption contributed to charge formation on membrane surface. The former played a dominant role in type 1-1 and type 2-1 electrolytes at dilute aqueous solutions （0.1-0.5 mol · m^3）. However, for type 3-1 electrolyte, specific adsorp- tion should contribute to the charge effect to a large extent. Moreover, the correlation between the volume charge density and feed concentration was in accordance with Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, it was found that the separation characteristic of NF membrane could be evaluated well by DSPM-DE model coupling with electro-kinetic method in a whole concentration range.     

横截面形状对旋风分离器性能影响的数值模拟

采用CFD商业计算软件FLUENT对横截面形状影响旋风分离器性能的情况进行了数值模拟。模拟中,气相采用雷诺应力湍流模型RSM封闭N-S方程,固相采用基于Euler-Lagrange方法的离散相模型DPM。通过对旋风分离器圆形、八边形、七边形、六边形、五边形、四边形横截面形状的比较,模拟并分析了分离器两个主要性能分离效率和压力损失的变化规律,提出了横截面为八边形的分离器的相对优势,可用于传统旋风分离器结构型式的设计和优化。     

教研楼火灾逃生疏散最优通风方式数值试验研究

高校教研楼潜在火灾源与高密度人流共存,火灾逃生疏散是保障灾后人身安全的重要环节。为探索火灾逃生疏散最优逃生条件,应用流体动力学分析软件FLUENT,数值分析防火分隔导致多种通风方式的起火分区温度、烟气场分布规律,研究火场逃生疏散的最优通风方式。结果表明,火灾初期开启防火分隔设施更有利于人员逃生疏散;关闭防火分隔设施条件下,防排烟系统开启略优于关闭;研究背景条件下,开启防火分隔为逃生疏散最优方案;火灾后关闭防火分隔设施可以控制火灾蔓延,降低财产损失,但应在确保人员安全疏散后进行。