略论粪大肠菌群及其多管发酵法检测研究

水的细菌学测定特别是肠道细菌的检验,在环境影响评价、环境卫生监督等方面具有重要意义,粪大肠菌群是水质特别是饮用水重要检测指标,其多管发酵检测法是国家及行业标准方法,在实践中对一些需要引起重视的环节要加以重视,以提高检测的精确度。     

活性炭在中高温条件下对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵的影响

为提高玉米秸秆厌氧发酵的产气效果,本文研究活性炭在中温(38℃)和高温(50℃)条件下对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷的效果及微生物学机制.结果表明,添加活性炭能显著促进秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷,中、高温试验组(添加活性炭)的累积产甲烷量分别比对照提高了63%和96%;DGGE的结果显示,高温试验组(添加活性炭)和对照组(未添加活性炭)的发酵液中的优势细菌菌群分别是Clostridiale bacterium和Bacillus,中温对照组发酵液和中温试验组发酵液未发现明显优势菌种.添加活性炭分别有利于氢营养型的甲烷鬃毛菌(Methanosaeta concilii strain)和乙酸营养型的醋酸甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina acetivorans strain),在中温、高温试验组的发酵液中形成优势古菌菌群.中温试验组活性炭载体上的优势古菌菌群为甲烷鬃毛菌(Methanosaeta concilii strain),而高温试验组活性炭载体上的优势古菌菌群主要为甲烷八叠球菌嗜高温菌属(Methanosarcina thermophila strain).     

沼气发酵罐热负荷特性研究与排料余热回收装置设计

针对天津市某养殖场沼气工程,基于热平衡模型,模拟分析了沼气发酵罐热负荷特性,发现发酵罐罐体传热负荷和加热发酵料液负荷是沼气生产过程中主要负荷组成部分,而其中加热发酵料液负荷占到了沼气工程总热负荷的87.5%~90.8%,约为发酵罐罐体传热负荷的8倍。为减少发酵罐排料造成的热量损失,设计了1套沼气发酵罐排料余热回收装置,并对其余热回收效率进行模拟计算。结果表明:该装置在春季余热回收量为1 472.3~2 216.5 MJ,夏季为747.4~993.5 MJ,秋季为1 515.7~2 069.3 MJ,冬季为2 526.3~2 707.7 MJ。全年节能率波动范围在25.36%~48.46%,在冬季其节能率仍能达到30%以上,有效减少了排料的热量损失。     

Cost analysis in laccase production

In this paper the cost of producing the enzyme laccase by the white-rot fungus Trametes pubescens under both submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions was studied. The fungus was cultured using more than 45 culture medium compositions. The cost of production was estimated by analyzing the cost of the culture medium, the cost of equipment and the operating costs. The cost of the culture medium represented, in all cases, the highest contribution to the total cost, while, the cost of equipment was significantly low, representing less than 2% of the total costs. The cultivation under SSF conditions presented a final cost 50-fold lower than the one obtained when culturing under SmF conditions at flask scale. In addition, the laccase production under SSF conditions in tray bioreactors reduced the final cost 4-fold compared to the one obtained under SSF conditions at flask scale, obtaining a final price of 0.04 cent €/U.     

槐糖脂生物表面活性剂的结构特征及理化性质初探

通过摇瓶培养实验,考察了假丝酵母菌（Candida bombicola）ATCC 22214以葡萄糖和油酸双底物为碳源,采用一次加料培养和分批补料培养方式进行发酵制备槐糖脂的过程,并利用高效液相色谱/电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用仪确定了所产槐糖脂的结构,初步研究了其主要的理化性质.结果表明,一次加料培养中,该菌株生长稳定期的...     

一株烟草内生拮抗放线菌发酵条件优化

为提高烟草内生放线菌Y12发酵时产生抑菌物质的产量,通过摇瓶正交优化试验,确定了Y12的三角瓶发酵条件.发酵培养基组成为:黄豆粉1.5%,蛋白胨1.5%,葡萄糖1.5%,可溶性淀粉1.5%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%,(NH4)SO40.25%,NaCl 0.4%,KH2PO4 0.1%,CaCO3 0.5%;培养基初始pH 7.5,培养温度30℃,发酵时间72 h.经过优化发酵液的抑菌圈直径增加了44.9%.     

响应面法优化Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4产漆酶发酵条件

为提高子囊菌Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4产漆酶的能力,采用响应面法对其发酵条件进行优化.首先用Plackett-Burman法筛选出4个影响较大的重要因素,分别为:接种量(X1)、培养时间(X2)、装样量(X3)和转速(X4).继而采用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,并结合中心组合试验...     

蓝藻发酵生产微生物农药的影响因素研究

采用摇瓶发酵试验探讨了蓝藻为原料制备苏云金杆菌生物杀虫剂的可行性,并考察了不同培养条件（蓝藻含固率、种龄、接种量、初始pH、摇床转速、发酵温度）对苏云金杆菌生长增殖、产孢与产毒效果的影响。研究结果表明,无需任何预处理工序,Btk 130菌株能在蓝藻为唯一原料的培养基中正常生长发育,并且产孢产毒。发酵48 h后,芽孢产率达到86.7%,远高于常规培养基;生物毒效为282 IU.mL-1,与常规培养基相当。培养条件优化结果表明,在蓝藻含固率为2%、初始pH为7.0、接种物种龄为9 h、接种量为2%、培养温度为30℃、摇瓶转速为200 r.min-1的条件下培养48 h,Btk 130可达到较好的发酵效果,活菌数及抗热芽孢数可达7.32 CFU.mL-1和6.38 CFU.mL-1,生物毒效为528 IU.mL-1。该研究不仅为蓝藻提供了高附加值的处置新途径,而且可显著降低生物杀虫剂的生产成本,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Improvement of production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A using fish protein

To enhance the production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A, nutrient contents of the culture mediums were investigated in both submerged and biofilm fermentations. As a carbon source maltose and as nitrogen source, fish protein was used. In submerged fermentation maltose uptake was found lower (12%) compared to biofilm fermentation (15%) that was associated with higher cellular growth in biofilm. However, requirement of nitrogen (fish protein) concentration was found similar in both submerged and biofilm fermentations. Production of iturin A in submerged fermentation with 12% maltose and 5% fish protein was 4450 mg/L, and in biofilm fermentation it was 5050 mg/L when 15% maltose and 5% fish protein was used.     

Effect of airflow on biodrying of gardening wastes in reactors

Biodrying consists of reducing moisture by using the heat from aerobic bio-degradation.The parameters that control the process are:aeration,temperature during the process,initial moisture of biowaste,and temperature and relative humidity of the input air.Lawn mowing and garden waste from the gardens of the University Jaume I,Castellón(Spain)were used as a substrate.Biodrying was performed in 10 reactors with known air volumes from 0.88 to 6.42 L/(min·kg dry weight).To promote aeration,5 of the reactors had 15% of a bulking agent added.The experiment lasted 20 days.After the experiments it was found that the bulking agent led to greater weight loss.However,the increased airflow rate was not linearly proportional to the weight loss.