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为了提高木质纤维素生物质的甲烷产率,固体厌氧发酵以及预处理技术得到了广泛应用。本研究以水生植物菹草为例,探讨了厌氧固体发酵同步碱处理提高甲烷产率的可行性。采用2种来源的微生物(厌氧污泥和牛粪),初始生物质浓度为20%TS(total solid,总固体重量),考察不同的NaOH添加量(基于反应体系总TS 0%、2.0%、3.5%和5.0%)对菹草厌氧发酵产气和固体水解效率的影响。结果表明,与对照实验组相比,初始NaOH加入量为3.5%时,接种污泥和牛粪的实验组中甲烷总产量分别为787.1 mL和1 165.4 mL,与对照实验组相比(619.1 mL和834.8 mL),分别提高了27.1%和39.6%,而且接种牛粪的实验组中单位挥发性固体(VS)产甲烷率最高,为186.5 mL/g。对发酵后的木质纤维素残渣组分进行分析,结果表明,NaOH有助于促进菹草中纤维素及半纤维素的分解,以及木质素结构的破坏,从而提高了菹草厌氧发酵产气产甲烷效率。 相似文献
455.
Akhilesh Kumar Choudhary H. Chelladurai C. Kannan 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(13):1369-1379
The increasing consumption and excessive extraction of conventional fuels is the matter of serious concern. Nowadays, world is looking for alternative sources of fuel which can partially replace conventional fuel dependence. The current investigation intends to provide evaluation of bio-ethanol preparation from Water Hyacinth (WH) and its influence on diesel engine performance under various operating conditions. This study explores the extraction of glucose from WH (Eichhornia crassipes) pretreated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for production of bio-ethanol. For the production of bio-ethanol different concentrations of H2SO4 acid hydrolysate (1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) were prepared which was then followed by fermentation with cellulose fermenting yeasts. From results, it was observed that 4% H2SO4 acid hydrolysis produces higher concentrations of ethanol than other concentrations. Bio-ethanol extracted from WH was blended with diesel in different proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) v/v and performance and emissions were experimentally investigated on single cylinder diesel engine under various load conditions. Experimental results show that 5 BED [5% bio-ethanol (WH + 95%diesel v/v) and 10BED (10% bio-ethanol (WH + 90%diesel v/v)] produces higher brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure with improved exhaust emission profiles than any other blend. 相似文献
456.
Fazal Haq Hazrat Ali Muhammad Shuaib Malik Badshah Syed Waqas Hassan Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(14):1413-1441
Natural energy sources like petrol and diesel are going to be diminished in the coming future which will lead to increase in the prices and demands of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is important to find a sustainable alternate of fossil fuels. Bioethanol is one of the alternatives, which is produced from different feedstocks including sugar-based, starch-based and lignocellulose-based materials through fermentation. Since sugar-based (sugar cane and sugar beet) and starch-based (corn) materials are sources of staple food, therefore, research on lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production is a subject of recent studies. Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials involves different steps, such as pretreatment, hydrolysis, followed by fermentation process and finally ethanol purification. In this review, we have summarized the recent progresses in bioethanol production and processing from lignocellulosic materials. 相似文献
457.
Abdi Christia Arima Diah Setiowati Keikhosro Karimi Muhammad Nur Cahyanto Claes Niklasson 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(6):566-572
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential raw material for production of lignocellulosic bioethanol. The OPEFB was pretreated with 8% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 100°C for 10 to 90 min. Enzymatic digestion was carried out using cellulase and β-glucosidase at 45°C for 24 h. It was then inoculated with Mucor indicus spores suspension and fermented under anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 96 h. Sodium hydroxide pretreatment effectively removed 51–57% of lignin in the OPEFB and also its hemicellulose (40–84%). The highest glucan digestibility (0.75 g/g theoretical glucose) was achieved in 40-min NaOH pretreatment. Fermentation by M. indicus resulted in 68.4% of the theoretical ethanol yield, while glycerol (16.2–83.2 mg/g), succinic acid (0–0.4 mg/g), and acetic acid (0–0.9 mg/g) were its by-products. According to these results, 11.75 million tons of dry OPEFB in Indonesia can be converted into 1.5 billion liters of ethanol per year. 相似文献
458.
Batch tests of cultivations were conducted to analyze influences of pre-treatment methods (heat–shock, acid, and alkaline) on hydrogen production. The hydrogen yields of the pre-treated samples were significantly higher than those without pre-treatment. Heat–shock pre-treatment yielded maximum hydrogen (75.5 ± 4.0 mL/g sucroseremoved), and had the highest sucrose removal efficiency (81.20 ± 1.23%). Heat–shock pre-treatment produced more ethanol and acetate (80.44 ± 0.55% of the total soluble metabolites), which belonged to ethanol-type fermentation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed that pre-treatment methods affected the composition of microbial communities. The results showed that pre-treatment methods play a key role in the hydrogen production process of marine hydrogen-producing microflora. 相似文献
459.
考察了发酵时间、孢子液接种量、固态发酵培养基装料量、培养温度、光照条件等对三七渣固态发酵生产绿色木霉的影响,并采用正交实验优化了发酵工艺条件。结果表明,发酵过程受工艺条件的影响较大,孢子液接种量、固态发酵培养基装料量、发酵时间3个因素的交互作用极显著(p0.01),这3个因素以及它们之间的交互作用对实验结果的影响程度排序为:交互作用固态发酵培养基装料量孢子液接种量发酵时间;在最佳的发酵工艺条件(即培养温度24℃、无光照、接种量20%(1g三七渣接种2mL绿色木霉孢子液)、固态发酵培养基装料量12.5g、发酵时间8d)下,平均产孢量可达10.10×109 cfu/g。 相似文献
460.
接种比例和温度对餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为提高餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵的甲烷转化率和挥发性固体降解率,分别在35℃和55℃条件下,采用批式发酵工艺,考察了接种物与底物的挥发性固体量之比对餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵挥发性固体甲烷产率、挥发性固体降解率、液相末端产物组成和pH值等发酵特性的影响。结果表明,温度和接种比例共同决定厌氧发酵停留阶段,在35℃发酵时接种比例大于50∶50的处理和55℃发酵时接种比例大于30∶70的处理以产甲烷发酵为主,其余以酸化发酵为主;游离氨抑制导致高温组的甲烷含量、挥发性固体甲烷产率和甲烷转化率均低于中温组;发生酸化处理组底物的挥发性固体降解率均低于40%,产甲烷发酵处理组挥发性固体降解率均高于80%。 相似文献