AF-MBR处理海水养殖废水性能及膜污染特性

为了考察缺氧滤池-膜生物反应器（AF-MBR）对海水养殖废水的处理效果,在膜生物反应器中投加聚氨酯悬浮性填料,并以独立运行的膜生物反应器作为对照.结果表明,组合反应系统的总氮去除率和总有机碳（TOC）去除率分别为92%和90%,高于对照膜生物反应器的86%和85%.并且,前置缺氧滤池和填料的投加也明显缓解了膜污染.通过对两个反应器提取的溶解性微生物产物（SMP）和细胞胞外聚合物（EPS）进行红外光谱和三维荧光光谱的测定,确定了蛋白质和多糖为主要的膜污染物质,并且膜污染物质的减少缓解了膜污染现象.     

壳聚糖对废水中蛋白质的吸附作用

在不同的蛋白质浓度、壳聚糖浓度、吸附时间、温度及pH值条件下,采用Bradford染色法测得吸附后蛋白质浓度,得到了壳聚糖对蛋白质的最佳吸附条件,其结果将为壳聚糖在工业废水处理中的应用提供一定的理论基础.     

高分子复混溶胀胶体材料防治半前进式工作面煤炭自燃技术的研究

高分子复混溶胀胶体材料具有固水性强、脱水缓慢、脱水后遇水可再生、与煤粘附性强、能形成焦化层、流动性和渗透性好及无毒、无味、无腐蚀、高温无烟等特性。长期以来 ,半前进式工作面防治煤炭自燃技术措施中 ,一直未采用高分子复混溶胀胶体材料。徐州矿务集团公司张集矿在自燃煤层的 74 2 3工作面半前进式开采中 ,采用了高分子复混溶胀胶体材料封堵沿空留巷漏风、喷洒覆盖采空区遗煤、封闭联络巷道等为主的综合防灭火技术与措施 ,取得了良好的效果 ,采空区漏风率降到 4 .35 % ,工作面开采期间杜绝了煤炭自燃隐患的出现 ,因此 ,高分子复混溶胀胶体材料防治半前进式工作面煤炭自燃技术是成功的     

La_xSr_(1-x)NiO_3对水溶液染料的光电催化活性研究

用甘氨酸 硝酸盐燃烧合成法 ,制备LaxSr1 -xNiO3复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末。并以此为光电催化剂对不同水溶液染料进行光催化降解和光电催化降解实验。利用红外、紫外 可见光谱、循环伏安曲线研究LaxSr1 -xNiO3的催化性能。结果表明 :LaxSr1 -xNiO3(x =0 .1 5、0 .6、0 .7、0 .75、1 )复合氧化物都具有较强光催化特性 ,La0 .7Sr0 .3NiO3也具有光电催化降解特性 ;LaxSr1 -xNiO3的光催化活性高于LaNiO3,这与A位离子 (La3+ 、Sr2 + )的电子构型有关 ;Sr2 + 的加入可使LaNiO3的光催化活性有所提高     

DNA甲基化结合蛋白

DNA甲基化是哺乳动物细胞中最重要的表观遗传学修饰之一,大约70%—80%的CpG发生这种甲基化修饰.异常的甲基化在许多癌症中频发,启动子CpG岛的高甲基化作为普遍的失活机制介导抑癌基因沉默.甲基化信号由甲基化结合蛋白来转译,它们能够特异性识别并结合至甲基化位点通过募集辅阻遏复合物例如组蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone Deacetylase,HDAC)等建立沉默的染色质,从而在DNA甲基化和基因沉默中起桥梁作用.目前,哺乳动物中已鉴定出的甲基化结合蛋白有三类,分别是:MBD(Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain)、Kaiso以及SRA(Set and Ring finger-associated)家族.本文就这三大家族(以MBD为主)各自的结构、功能、结合甲基化DNA的特性以及它们在某些疾病发生中的作用做一综述.     

三维荧光光谱解析城市污水有机物的去除特征

利用荧光区域积分结合物料平衡计算及多元直接梯度分析,考察强化除磷-硫自养系统对低COD/TN比市政污水中有机物、氮和磷污染物的去除特性.结果表明,在进水COD/TN比为4.5～6.0的条件下,强化除磷-硫自养系统出水中的TN、NH₄⁺-N和TP浓度分别降至1.31、1.11和0.23mg/L,其去除率分别达到了96.3%、96.0%和86.9%.强化除磷-硫自养系统对荧光区域Ⅰ～Ⅴ标准积分体积的去除率分别为73.7%、64.3%、50.6%、61.3%和28.1%.物料平衡计算表明,非曝气区对荧光区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ的物质有明显的去除效果;好氧区对荧光区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的物质有明显的去除效果.多元直接梯度分析表明,磷的释放过程可能与溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光区中的有机物相关,而自养的硝化反应、吸磷过程和有机物的去除可在好氧区达到统一.     

南通市PM2.5中水溶性离子季节分布特征

对南通市2016年12月-2018年10月大气污染季节分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,南通市ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(水溶性离子)为冬、春季高,夏、秋季低。春夏秋冬四季ρ(水溶性离子)占ρ(PM2.5)百分比分别为68.2%,70.6%,64.5%和74.5%,其中二次离子SNA(NO3-、SO42-和NH4+)占ρ(PM2.5)的百分比分别为63.1%,67.0%,59.3%和66.8%;ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-)表明,移动源已成为南通市春、秋、冬季的主要污染源,四季均存在不同程度的二次转化,且SO2的转化率均大于NO2,NO2冬季转化率最大、夏季最小,SO2夏季转化率最大、秋季最小。南通市NO2转化为硝酸盐的主要形式是气相均相反应,非均相反应和均相反应对SO2转化为硫酸盐的贡献差异不大。     

Induction of gene mutations in salmonella and Drosophila by soluble Cr(Vi) compounds: Synergistic effects of nitrilotriacetic acid

The interaction between NTA and soluble Cr(VI) (K₂Cr₂O₇) was studied by the Ames test on S. typhimurium and the sex‐linked recessive lethal test on D. melanogaster. In both systems a synergistic effect of NTA on Cr(VI) mutagenicity took place at sub‐toxic doses of Cr(VI). The synergism could depend on the action of NTA on intracellular Cr(VI) reduction, as more Cr(VI) was reduced in vitro to Cr(III) by Salmonella and Drosophila protein extracts in the presence of NTA. A similar enhancement of soluble Cr(VI) mutagenicity was produced by low doses of EDTA.     

Electrophoretic and liquid chromatographic characterization of red cell membrane proteins modified by chromate

Besides its effects of the genetic material and function, chromate also immediately affects the structure and function of cell membranes. With human erythrocytes, chromate produces alterations in cell size and shape, it impairs the anion transport function, and it causes modifications in membrane constituents. The proteins have been analysed by one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The main chromate effects are the crosslinking of proteins including the membrane protein bands 1 and 2 (spectrin) and haemoglobin. Furthermore, a 40.000 D membrane protein fraction is modified. Chromate may react directly with membrane constituents but evidence also points to the formation of reactive oxygen compounds which in turn may react with proteins and lipids of the cell membrane.     

Lead-induced alterations in protein-deficient rat liver–role of zinc

This study was designed to determine the protective effects of zinc (Zn) using liver marker enzymes in the serum and liver along with hepatic elemental profile in lead (Pb)-treated protein-deficient (PD) Sprague–Dawley male rats. Zn in the form of zinc sulfate at a dose of 227?mg?L^?1 in drinking water was administrated to control, PD as well as Pb-treated PD rats for 8 weeks. Pb treatment was given orally as lead acetate at a dose level of 100?mg?kg^?1 body weight to control and PD rats. The effects of different treatments were studied on the activities of enzymes that included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum. The status of different elements (Cl, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Pb) in liver was also studied. Rats given PD diet and Pb showed significant inhibition in serum ALP activity associated with significant elevation in both AST and ALT activities. Serum ALP activity showed a significant inhibition week 1 until week 8 in Pb-treated PD rats. In contrast, serum AST activity was elevated both at 3 and 8 weeks while serum ALT activity was elevated at 8 weeks in Pb-treated PD rats. Pb treatment to PD rats elevated hepatic ALP, AST and ALT activities but depressed hepatic AST. Zn supplementation to Pb-treated PD rats restored the altered enzyme activities. The levels of K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and Rb were altered in protein deficiency. Furthermore, treatment with Pb to these animals depressed the Cu levels. Zn treatment to Pb-treated PD animals tended to restore the levels of altered elements. Hence, the present study clearly suggests that Zn plays an important role in regulating the liver marker enzymes and essential elements under conditions of Pb toxicity and protein deficiency.