Ethanol washing of PAH-contaminated soil and Fenton oxidation of washing solution

As a means to remediate soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we investigated a combined process involving ethanol washing followed by a Fenton oxidation reaction. Artificial loamy soil was contaminated with various representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, or benzo(a)pyrene) at concentrations ten times higher than regulatory soil standards of The Netherlands or Canada, and then washed four times in ethanol, which reduced the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination to below the regulatory standard. Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, or indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene showed a removal efficiency of 73.3%–99.0%; by contrast, solutions containing naphthalene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, or benzo(b)fluoranthene showed a removal efficiency of 9.6%–27.6%. Since each of the nonremediated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, excluding benzo(b)fluoranthene, are easily biodegradable, these results indicate that the proposed treatment can be successfully applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil that does not contain high concentrations of benzo(b)fluoranthene. The main reaction products resulting from Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene or benz(a)anthracene were anthraquinon or benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione, respectively; while 1,8-naphthalic anhydride was produced by solutions of acenaphthylene and acenaphthene, and 9-fluorenone by a fluorene solution. Received: June 9, 1998 / Accepted: March 24, 1999     

三维电极电Fenton氧化法处理染料废水

采用三维电极电Fenton氧化法处理实际染料废水,探究了染料废水处理效果的影响因素。实验结果表明：以钌铱镀层钛电极为阳极、不锈钢板为阴极、粉末活性炭为颗粒电极,在粉末活性炭投加量为2.0 g/L、电流密度为0.5 mA/mm²、极板间距为3 cm、pH为2.0、硫酸亚铁投加量为0.50 g/L的最优工艺条件下,反应2 h后COD、TOC、氨氮、色度的去除率达到最大,分别为62.80%、41.15%、42.48%和95.00%;粉末活性炭作为颗粒电极可使染料废水COD去除率提高18个百分点;重复使用10次的处理效果与第2次基本持平。     

烟气除尘脱硫一体化产物氧化特性研究

简述了石灰湿法烟气除尘脱硫一体化的工艺过程,通过工程试验并结合实验室小型试验,重点探讨石灰湿法烟气除尘脱硫一体化条件,脱硫产物亚硫酸盐的氧化过程及其影响因素。     

室内甲醛污染治理技术的研究进展

甲醛是室内空气中的主要污染物之一。文章简述了室内甲醛的来源及对人体的危害,论述了室内甲醛污染治理的四种方法(臭氧氧化法、吸附法、光催化氧化法和金属氧化物法)的反应原理、优缺点及国内外的最新研究进展,并对金属氧化物法在材料的制备和反应机理方面作了展望。     

电助光催化氧化苯甲酰胺

以钛板为基材,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备固定膜 TiO₂/Ti 光催化剂,并对其施加一定的阳极偏电压,对苯甲酰胺溶液进行了电助光催化氧化处理.考察了阳极偏电压、溶液浓度和pH值对苯甲酰胺降解效率和光电流的影响规律,并比较了电助光催化氧化与光催化氧化、光解和电解处理对苯甲酰胺去除率的差异.结果表明,外加阳极偏电压可以大大提高光催化氧化技术的处理效率,最佳工艺条件为偏电压+0.6V/SCE,苯甲酰胺溶液的浓度 1.0mg/L,溶液呈酸性.在此条件下,经过 1h的处理,苯甲酰胺的去除率可达 90%.     

溴代烷烃光氧化的研究

本文模拟大气条件,研究了ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２,ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｏ２,ＣＨＢｒ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２,和ＣＨＢｒ３＋Ｏ２４个体系的光化学反应。这些体系在２５３．７ｎｍ的紫外光照射下Ｈ２Ｏ２产生了ＯＨ自由基,ＯＨ自由基与ＣＨ３Ｂｒ和ＣＨＢｒ３反应,在２０ｍ的长光程气体池中ＦＴＩＲ测量这些反应产物,发现在ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２和ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｏ２体系其光化Ｏ２其光化学反应产物为ＣＯ和ＣＯ２,并从这些产物     

碳化泡沫负载Co3O4活化过硫酸盐降解罗丹明B

Co₃O₄具有优良的活化过硫酸盐的性能而受到人们的重视,但Co₃O₄粉体易团聚、使用过程中难以分离、易流失和重复利用率差等问题严重制约了其实际应用．通过水热法制备碳化三聚氰胺泡沫负载Co₃O₄非均相催化剂．采用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对催化剂的结构和表面形貌进行分析．研究不同因素对催化剂活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）降解罗丹明B（RhB）的性能．其最优催化工艺参数：催化剂投加量为35 mg·L^-1、PMS质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1和pH为7、RhB初始质量浓度为10 mg·L^-1,30 min反应后对RhB降解率为98%．结果表明,增大碳化泡沫负载Co₃O₄非均相催化剂投加量和PMS质量浓度能明显提高对RhB的降解率;而增加RhB初始质量浓度和提高pH值会明显抑制RhB的降解率．催化反应过程符合准一级动力学方程．温度对RhB降...     

Landfill leachate treatment methods: A review

Landfilling of municipal waste is still a major issue of the waste management system in Europe. The generated leachate must be appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment. Technologies meant for leachate treatment can be classified as follows (i) biological methods, (ii) chemical and physical methods. Here we review briefly the main processes currently used for the landfill leachates treatments.     

柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒催化消除研究进展

本文针对柴油车尾气中碳烟颗粒污染环境的问题,综述了国内外关于碳烟颗粒催化消除及其作用机理的研究进展.指出了转换频率(TOF)更能从真正意义上表征催化剂的内在活性,从而有利于认识真实的反应机制和开发更高活性的催化剂.基于碳烟催化燃烧技术的特点和存在的问题,对今后相关的研究工作进行了展望.     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理直接大红染料

研究了ClO2化学氧化体系和ClO2催化氧化体系。实验结果表明:单用ClO2化学氧化处理COD为3 400mg/L的直接大红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为1,氧化剂ClO2经济用量为400 mg/L废水,反应时间为10 min,COD去除率可达85.9%,氧化指数(COD削减量∶ClO2投加量)=7。当ClO2与自制催化剂所组成的催化氧化体系用于对直接大红染料配制废水的处理时,最佳反应pH值为2左右,氧化剂ClO2经济用量为600 mg/L废水,反应时间为6 min,COD去除率可达96.6%,氧化指数=6。结果表明,ClO2催化氧化法是一种新型高效的处理难降解废水的技术,有着广阔的应用前景。