Removal of 17β-estradiol in laccase catalyzed treatment processes

The removal of 17β-estradiol （E2） in laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling processes was systematically studied in this work. We focused on the influence of pH and natural organic matter （NOM） on the performance of the enzymatic treatment processes. It was found that the optimal pH for E2 removal was between 4 and 6. The removal of E2 was slightly inhibited in the presence of NOM. Enzymatic transformation of E2 was second-order in kinetics with first-order to both the concentrations of the enzyme and contaminant. Mass spectrum （MS） analysis suggested that coupling products were formed through radical-radical coupling mechanism. The results of this study demonstrated that laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling process could potentially serve as a treatment strategy to control steroid estrogens.     

甲胺磷在水-气界面挥发动力学研究

研究了挥发时间、温度和气流量对农药甲胺磷在水-气界面挥发行为的影响.挥发量采用气相色谱法检测,利用保留值定性,以外标法定量.研究结果表明,温度升高、气流量增大,使甲胺磷挥发量增大较快,二者是影响甲胺磷挥发的主要因素;挥发时间在4 h之内对甲胺磷挥发量影响较大,4 h之后基本无影响.通过试验还研究了甲胺磷在水-气界面的挥发动力学.根据实验结果,建立了甲胺磷在水-气界面挥发的动力学模型,比较实验值与动力学模型计算值,二者基本吻合,相对误差≤5%,这表明该动力学模型可以用于预测甲胺磷在水-气界面的挥发行为.     

偏二甲肼超临界水氧化动力学研究

利用一套连续式超临界水氧化实验装置,以H2O2为氧化剂,在480～550℃、30 MPa条件下,进行了超临界水氧化偏二甲肼实验,建立了COD去除宏观动力学方程.实验结果表明,在超临界条件下,偏二甲肼氧化分解很快,当温度为550℃、压力为30 MPa、停留时间为5.8 s时,COD去除率可高达93.5%以上.偏二甲肼的去除率随反应温度升高、停留时间延长而提高.在H2O2过量50%的情况下,偏二甲肼氧化分解反应对有机物为1.13级,对氧气为0.29级;反应活化能Ea为44.65 kJ·mol-1;指前因子A为4.93×103.     

二氧化钛颗粒的制备及其脱硫吸附性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)在不同烧结温度(340℃,440℃,540℃,640℃)下制备了4种多孔TiO₂颗粒,X射线衍射法(XRD)测得4种样品的晶相均为锐钛矿型.低温77K氮气吸附法计算4种样品的比表面积为79～124m²/g,平均孔径56.8～254.8 A.电子扫描电镜分析了样品的表面结构为多孔高孔隙率结构在固定床中对4种样品进行动态脱硫试验,试验结果表明烧结温度在540℃时制备的样品品质较好,每g TiO₂颗粒可吸附38.9mg的SO₂.以SG 540样品为例,研究了固定床中吸附温度,气相中SO2的浓度以及气体流速对其脱硫吸附性能的影响.与活性炭、沸石物理吸附剂比较,TiO₂颗粒具有较高的脱硫吸附能力.FTIR红外光谱分析法,结合加热脱附试验的结果,得知TiO₂颗粒吸附剂脱硫的机理主要是物理吸附.     

高氨氮渗滤液处理的ANAMMOX A2/O工艺研究

通过好氧出水回流到厌氧流化床可以实现厌氧氨氧化过程.对于高浓度氨氮渗滤液,ANAMMOX反应可使ANAMMOX A²/O工艺比普通A²/O工艺的TN去除率提高15%～20%,达32%以上;好氧出水NO-2-N浓度有较大幅度地降低,改善了出水水质.ANAMMOX反应总反应级数为3级,对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N的反应级数均为1级,反应速率常数为-3.43E-5 L²·(mmol²·h)^-1.     

光合细菌对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解特性研究

研究了混合光合细菌PSB-DR在不同光照、接种量和pH值下对2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的生物降解特性,确定了PSB-DR生物降解2,4,6-TCP的优化控制条件.结果表明,光照培养下,接种量30%,初始pH值7.0时2,4,6-TCP降解效率最高.在此条件下,50mg/L的2,4,6-TCP经5d后降解率达到82.3%.培养基中醋酸钠的加入对2,4,6-TCP降解有明显的抑制作用.PSB-DR静息细胞对2,4,6-TCP的降解符合高浓度底物抑制的酶促反应类型,其降解动力学参数rmax=1.746h-1,Km=38.333mg/L,Ki=260.87mg/L.     

海藻酸钠/锆@钙水凝胶的制备及其对磷的吸附研究

利用简便的方法制备了一种新型的海藻酸钠/锆@钙(SA/Zr@Ca)水凝胶材料,采用SEM、XRD对该材料进行了表征,并通过拟合吸附等温模型及吸附动力学模型,结合XPS和Zeta电位分析,研究了该材料对磷酸盐吸附的性能和机理.结果表明,该材料为非晶态的无定型材料.在溶液初始pH为2～7时,SA/Zr@Ca对磷酸盐(以PO...     

Removal of selenite using ‘waste’ Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide: Adsorption kinetics and isotherms

Removal of selenite [Se (IV)] from aqueous solution on to industrial solid ‘waste’ Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide as adsorbent was investigated in the present article. Maximum adsorption was found to be at pH 4.0. Pretreated Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide was found to be more efficient for the removal of selenite compared to untreated adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been studied. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q ₀) of the pretreated and untreated adsorbents was found to be 15.63 and 6.04?mg?g^?1, respectively. The adsorption process fit into the second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range 32 to 60°C. Coexisting anions vanadate and phosphate significantly affect the adsorption of selenite for both the pretreated and untreated adsorbents. Molybdate, thiocyanate, sulphate, nitrate and chloride do not significantly affect the removal of selenite for pretreated adsorbent.     

Removal of Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions using sulfuric acid-modified cinder: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Removal of Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated using cinder modified by sulfuric acid. Various parameters such as pH, agitation time, Mo(VI) concentration, and temperature have been studied. The maximum adsorption of Mo(VI) occurred at pH between 4.0 and 6.0. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption generally obeyed a pseudo second-order model. The activation energy was 31.4?kJ?mol^?1, indicating that the adsorption process was governed mainly by interactions of physical nature. Furthermore, application of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to the adsorption equilibrium data showed that the adsorption behavior obeyed the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity was found to be 10.8?g Mo(VI)?kg^?1 adsorbent. Finally, thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH ⁰, ΔS ⁰, and ΔG ⁰ were also evaluated, which showed that the adsorption of Mo(VI) on the treated cinder was endothermic, entropy increasing, and spontaneous. In conclusion, the sulfuric acid-modified cinder was shown to be an inexpensive, effective, and simple adsorbent for the removal of Mo(VI) from water.