An Analysis of the Daily Radial Activity of 7 Boreal Tree Species, Northwestern Quebec

In the `Des Vieux Arbres' ecological reserve situated within northwestern Québec, 40 band dendrometers were installedon 7 of the major boreal tree species. The late Spring–early Summer daily radial activity registered in 1997 was related todaily weather variables. For each tree species, the daily mean i) cumulative radial increment and ii) radial activity indexedseries obtained by first-difference standardization were analyzed. The results indicate the existence of strong similarities among the 7 species. All showed strong synchronousfluctuations in radius during late winter and early spring. Thisperiod ended with a short but sharp increase in radial increments that marked the passage of water into the stem. Thisinitial swelling, less obvious in Pinus species was followed by a prolonged period of little change in radial activity. Meteorological data indicated that air temperature waspositively related to stem swelling during the late winter–earlyspring period. Both air and soil temperatures became negatively related to radial expansion once the passage of water has occurred in the stem. Starting in early June, all species registered a sustained increase in radial increments possiblyassociated with active cell division. After this, radial expansion was negatively related to air temperature and positively to rainfall.     

Subjective Annoyance Response to Diesel Engine Sound During Idling Conditions

Subjective annoyance response to diesel engine sound during idling conditions was evaluated by 80 participants. Eight different sound spectra were presented to the participants at a constant level of 80 dB(A) in a paired comparison procedure. Stereo-recorded sound stimuli were played back through a pair of loudspeakers in an anechoic room. Four objective parameters of loudness, sharpness, impulsiveness, and roughness were found to be the determining factors that cause subjective annoyance. An annoyance prediction model for the test stimuli of an idling diesel engine was developed on the basis of these factors. The objective parameters and their interactions have a significant effect on the annoyance prediction model. The spectral distribution indicated by test participants to be pleasant can be used as a basis for appropriate modification of engine sound. A single microphone measurement in free field conditions can be used to estimate objective parameters for defining the cause of annoyance.     

深孔预裂爆破弱化煤层夹矸技术的应用

山东华恒矿业集团矿井以薄煤层为主,且煤层内含坚硬的硫化铁结核,使得现代化机械设备和新工艺无法正常工作.通过采用超前深孔预裂爆破的技术,对该集团41305东工作面的夹矸层进行弱化,介绍了爆破的操作流程、装药工艺以及爆破的基本参数,采用在长壁工作面内打钻爆破的方法,达到最大程度的粉碎夹矸,从而确保采煤机的顺利工作,提高采煤效率.     

超低频声压水听器的设计仿真与测试

随着减振降噪及消声技术的发展,水声探测技术逐渐向低频段延伸。相应地,对适用于超低频频段且具有高灵敏度的水听器需求也越来越迫切。该研究基于有限元理论,对4种形式的声压水听器进行了灵敏度对比分析,构建了超低频、高灵敏度声压水听器的系统模型;通过仿真,得到了其前二阶模态,空气及水中的导纳曲线,以及声压接收灵敏度,仿真结果表明,超低频频段内,该研究设计的声压水听器在空气及水中的频响曲线平坦。基于仿真结果进行了样机制作,对所研制的实物样机进行了实验测试,测试结果表明该种声压水听器具有良好的超低频响应特性以及较高的灵敏度。通过对实物样机的测试,验证了其实用性。     

新疆米泉市声环境质量状况与分析

以新疆米泉市"十五"期间的常规噪声监测数据为基础,介绍了米泉市声环境质量,并针对相关问题进行了分析,提出噪声污染防治对策.     

Ground-high altitude joint detection of ozone and nitrogen oxides in urban areas of Beijing

Based on observational data of ozone(O3) and nitrogen oxide(NOx) mixing ratios on the ground and at high altitude in urban areas of Beijing during a period of six days in November 2011,the temporal and spatial characteristics of mixing ratios were analyzed.The major findings include:urban O3 mixing ratios are low and NOx mixing ratios are always high near the road in November.Vertical variations of the gases are significantly different in and above the planetary boundary layer.The mixing ratio of O3 is negatively correlated with that of NOx and they are positively correlated with air temperature,which is the main factor directly causing vertical variation of O3 and NOx mixing ratios at 600-2100m altitude.The NOx mixing ratios elevated during the heating period,while the O3 mixing ratios decreased:these phenomena are more significant at high altitudes compared to lower altitudes.During November,air masses in the urban areas of Beijing are brought by northwesterly winds,which transport O3 and NOx at low mixing ratios.Due to Beijing’s natural geographical location,northwest air currents are beneficial to the dilution and dispersion of pollutants,which can result in lower O3 and NOx background values in the Beijing urban area.     

声屏障对城市道路环境空气质量的影响规律研究

为研究声屏障对道路交通污染扩散和空气质量的影响规律,基于三维计算流体动力学理论,运用Fluidyn-Panache仿真及CFD求解器进行数值模型计算分析,对比有、无声屏障情况下的风速矢量图与PM_2.5、CO、NO_x 3种主要污染物浓度分布图,并对仿真区域污染物浓度进行现场监测,得出声屏障对城市道路环境空气质量影响规律.研究结果显示,有声屏障时道路内侧风速由2m/s降低至0.02m/s;CO、NO_x浓度上升40%~50%,道路内侧PM浓度下降50%;道路外侧CO、NO_x浓度下降20%~50%,PM浓度下降20%~38%.声屏障的存在会阻挡风的流动,减弱风的强度,使风向从垂直于道路上升转变为沿着道路方向流动,风向改变使污染物聚集在道路内,增加道路内的气体污染物浓度,减弱风往道路外侧流动,同时也降低了气体污染物向道路外侧扩散的程度.声屏障对PM_2.5的影响显著,设置声屏障的道路内侧和道路外侧建筑群内,PM的浓度相较于无声屏障均得到大幅度降低.     

阻抗管法隔声量测试试样密封方法探究

阻抗管法法向入射隔声量测试过程中,试样与阻抗管间的密封方式是测量结果的一个重要的影响因素。介绍了阻抗管测量法向入射隔声量的方法,重点介绍在阻抗管中的试样安装和密封方法,通过实施4种不同的密封方法,得出密封效果的排序,对阻抗法测量隔声量的试验实施具有参考价值。     

成灌铁路声屏障景观设计探讨

随着高速铁路迅猛发展,铁路噪声控制措施的景观性要求越来越高;本文通过成灌铁路声屏障设计,探讨以景观设计的理念设计满足功能要求的降噪措施,将人文景观、生态环境、工程特征融为一体。