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211.
Steven De Gryze Juhwan LeeStephen Ogle Keith PaustianJohan Six 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):150-158
We predicted changes in yields and direct net soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from converting conventional to alternative management practices across one of the world's most productive agricultural regions, the Central Valley of California, using the DAYCENT model. Alternative practices included conservation tillage, winter cover cropping, manure application, a 25% reduction in N fertilizer input and combinations of these. Alternative practices were evaluated for all unique combinations of crop rotation, climate, and soil types for the period 1997-2006. The crops included were alfalfa, corn, cotton, melon, safflower, sunflower, tomato, and wheat. Our predictions indicate that, adopting alternative management practices would decrease yields up to 5%. Changes in modeled SOC and net soil GHG fluxes corresponded to values reported in the literature. Average potential reductions of net soil GHG fluxes with alternative practices ranged from −0.7 to −3.3 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 in the Sacramento Valley and −0.5 to −2.5 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 for the San Joaquin Valley. While adopting a single alternative practice led to modest net soil GHG flux reductions (on average −1 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1), combining two or more of these practices led to greater decreases in net soil GHG fluxes of up to −3 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1. At the regional scale, the combination of winter cover cropping with manure application was particularly efficient in reducing GHG emissions. However, GHG mitigation potentials were mostly non-permanent because 60-80% of the decreases in net soil GHG fluxes were attributed to increases in SOC, except for the reduced fertilizer input practice, where reductions were mainly attributed to decreased N2O emissions. In conclusion, there are long-term GHG mitigation potentials within agriculture, but spatial and temporal aggregation will be necessary to reduce uncertainties around GHG emission reductions and the delivery risk of the associated C credits. 相似文献
212.
TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bochra Bejaoui Kefi Latifa Latrous El Atrache Hafedh Kochkar Abdelhamid Ghorbel 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(5):860-867
An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was
established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene,
phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent
amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were
determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed
good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and
satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water
(tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results
indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples. 相似文献
213.
Soonchul Kwon Maohong Fan Herbert F. M. DaCost Armistead G. Russell 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1233-1239
Olivine, one of the most abundant minerals existing in nature, is explored as a CO2 carbonation agent for direct carbonation of
CO2 in flue gas. Olivine based CO2 capture is thermodynamically favorable and can form a stable carbonate for long-term storage.
Experimental results have shown that water vapor plays an important role in improving CO2 carbonation rate and capacities. Other
operation conditions including reaction temperature, initial CO2 concentration, residence time corresponding to the flow rate of CO2
gas stream, and water vapor concentration also considerably affect the performance of the technology. 相似文献
214.
215.
生命周期评价应用于温室气体排放的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
致使全球气候变暖的温室气体排放问题已经全面引起了人们的广泛关注。生命周期评价作为一种评价环境负荷的评价工具,用于科学定量地估算产品、服务及工艺流程改造等方面的温室气体排放有其独特的优势。文章介绍了估算温室气体排放简化生命周期的技术框架及生命周期评价方法在第一产业(种植业、畜牧业),第二产业(硬纸板加工、橡胶生产、废塑料燃烧的能源再利用)以及第三产业(交通运输、旅游业)的应用情况,并综述了三个产业中的主要系统边界划分原则以及对温室气体排放影响的主要因素;同时,介绍了我国在节能减排方面利用生命周期评价方法的研究与应用实例。 相似文献
216.
217.
根据国家环境保护部办公厅文件要求,需要对火电企业脱硫旁路挡板实施铅封。石灰石一石膏湿法脱硫工艺具有脱硫效果好、技术成熟等优点,在目前国内的燃煤发电机组中广为应用。旁路挡板作为连接主机与脱硫系统的关键设备,其正常投用不仅是脱硫系统能否正常投运的关键,更关系到脱硫系统本身甚至发电机组的安全。通过对旁路挡板联锁保护逻辑的分析.提出了实施旁路挡板铅封措施后旁路挡板的联锁保护措施的更改建议,使更改后的联锁保护逻辑更为完善。 相似文献
218.
219.
采用超滤膜法将2-丁烯醛生产废水中的有机物分为相对分子质量不同的7个级分,并应用溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、紫外吸收光谱(ultraviolet spectrum,UV)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FT-IR)和气相色谱/质谱联用仪(gas chromatography with mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对不同相对分子质量区间的有机物所占比例及物质结构进行了研究.结果表明,废水中相对分子质量1×103的有机物所占比例最高,达到88.57%;采用GCMS对废水中相对分子质量1×103的级分进行分析,定性出27种化合物,包含醛、酮、酯、醇、酚、酸、烷烃类及其他苯系物等,其峰面积占有机物峰面积总和的比例分别为6.9%、5.3%、35.4%、13.2%、4.6%、0.4%、1.7%、16.8%,总和为84%.UV和FT-IR分析结果均显示不同相对分子质量区间的光谱吸收特征没有明显差别,级分中存在含有不饱和双键、羟基、羰基化合物及芳香族化合物,与GC-MS检测结果相吻合.研究结果为废水处理工艺的开发与优化提供了重要的指导作用. 相似文献
220.
Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon(AC) for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere(simulated coal gas) was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres. 相似文献