全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3502篇 |
免费 | 471篇 |
国内免费 | 1662篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 362篇 |
废物处理 | 51篇 |
环保管理 | 748篇 |
综合类 | 3292篇 |
基础理论 | 323篇 |
污染及防治 | 258篇 |
评价与监测 | 403篇 |
社会与环境 | 110篇 |
灾害及防治 | 88篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 40篇 |
2023年 | 161篇 |
2022年 | 276篇 |
2021年 | 297篇 |
2020年 | 305篇 |
2019年 | 236篇 |
2018年 | 202篇 |
2017年 | 179篇 |
2016年 | 212篇 |
2015年 | 254篇 |
2014年 | 300篇 |
2013年 | 263篇 |
2012年 | 303篇 |
2011年 | 307篇 |
2010年 | 233篇 |
2009年 | 215篇 |
2008年 | 196篇 |
2007年 | 235篇 |
2006年 | 188篇 |
2005年 | 177篇 |
2004年 | 141篇 |
2003年 | 139篇 |
2002年 | 125篇 |
2001年 | 102篇 |
2000年 | 84篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 56篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有5635条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Brent J. Dalzell Prasanna H. Gowda David J. Mulla 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(2):533-543
ABSTRACT: This paper studies the effectiveness of alternative farm management strategies at improving water quality to meet Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) in agricultural watersheds. A spatial process model was calibrated using monthly flow, sediment, and phosphorus (P) losses (1994 to 1996) from Sand Creek watershed in south‐central Minnesota. Statistical evaluation of predicted and observed data gave r2 coefficients of 0.75, 0.69, and 0.49 for flow (average 4.1 m3/s), sediment load (average 0.44 ton/ha), and phosphorus load (average 0.97 kg/ha), respectively. The calibrated model was used to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage, conversion of crop land to pasture, and changes in phosphorus fertilizer application rate on pollutant loads. TMDLs were developed for sediment and P losses based on existing water quality standards and guidelines. Observed annual sediment and P losses exceeded these TMDLs by 59 percent and 83 percent, respectively. A combination of increased conservation tillage, reduced application rates of phosphorus fertilizer, and conversion of crop land to pasture could reduce sediment and phosphorus loads by 23 percent and 20 percent of existing loads, respectively. These reductions are much less than needed to meet TMDLs, suggesting that control of sediment using buffer strips and control of point sources of phosphorus are needed for the remaining reductions. 相似文献
92.
Kenneth E. Hyer Douglas L. Mayer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(6):1511-1526
ABSTRACT: Surface water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water quality issue of national scope and importance. In Virginia, more than 400 stream and river segments are on the Commonwealth's 2002 303(d) list because of fecal coliform impairment. Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) will be developed for most of these listed streams and rivers. Information regarding the major fecal coliform sources that impair surface water quality would enhance the development of effective watershed models and improve TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking (BST) is a recently developed technology for identifying the sources of fecal coliform bacteria and it may be helpful in generating improved TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking was performed, watershed models were developed, and TMDLs were prepared for three streams (Accotink Creek, Christians Creek, and Blacks Run) on Virginia's 303(d) list of impaired waters. Quality assurance of the BST work suggests that these data adequately describe the bacteria sources that are impairing these streams. Initial comparison of simulated bacterial sources with the observed BST data indicated that the fecal coliform sources were represented inaccurately in the initial model simulation. Revised model simulations (based on BST data) appeared to provide a better representation of the sources of fecal coliform bacteria in these three streams. The coupled approach of incorporating BST data into the fecal coliform transport model appears to reduce model uncertainty and should result in an improved TMDL. 相似文献
93.
基于ArcIMS的旅游安全管理系统 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
结合旅游业的特点,即综合性、敏感性、涉外性或国际性,提出旅游安全管理系统应该包括:灾前的防范系统、灾时的抗灾系统以及灾后的评估善后系统3大部分的设计思路。将相应的旅游重大危险源监控系统的功能定为:以行政监察、社会监督、行业自律和应急救援体系为主的宏观管理系统。阐述了Web GIS的优点并推荐了一种构建Web GIS的新技术———ArcIMS,利用ArcIMS的系统构建的旅游安全管理系统具有功能健全、管理方便、系统成熟和安全可靠的诸多优点;同时整个系统的构建相对于其他Web GIS系统的开发而言,技术难度比较低、开发速度比较快,而且系统运行相对稳定,减轻了系统维护的负担。最后,结合旅游安全信息流的特点,具体阐述了运用ArcIMS作为旅游安全管理系统的平台的合理性和可行性。 相似文献
94.
广钢危险源辨识及控制技术实践 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
江励升 《中国安全生产科学技术》2005,1(3):84-86
本文介绍广州钢铁企业集团通过定性、定量方法进行危险源辨识的实践经验,总结出对危险源从宏观和微观上进行控制管理的有效模式,为冶金企业的安全管理提供借鉴. 相似文献
95.
Lyapounov理论在矿井通风系统稳定性分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当矿井通风系统的特征参数发生变化时,矿井通风系统的风流状态也会发生变化,这些变化是否会影响矿井通风系统的稳定工作,对这个问题进行研究有利于确保安全生产.本文根据Lyapounov稳定性理论对矿井通风系统的稳定性进行分析,得到矿井通风系统在其正常的工作区段,系统特征参数发生一定的变化时,其状态是稳定的;当变化超过一定的界限后,系统变得不稳定,不利于系统正常功能的实现. 相似文献
96.
97.
Alan M. Stueber Robert E. Criss 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(2):267-290
ABSTRACT: An extensive base of water quality information emphasizing the effects of land use and hydrology was obtained in the karstified Fountain Creek watershed of southwestern Illinois to help resolve local water quality issues. Agrichemicals dominate the loads of most water quality constituents in the streams and shallow karstic ground water. Only calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (A1), and sulfate (SO4) ions are predominantly derived from bedrock or soils, while agrichemicals contribute most of the sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), nitrate (NO3), fluorine (F), phosphorus (P), and atrazine. Concentrations of individual ions correlate with discharge variations in karst springs and surface streams; highly soluble ions supplied by diffuse ground water are diluted by high flows, while less soluble ions increase with flow as they are mobilized from fields to karst conduits under storm conditions. Treated wastewater containing detergent residues dominates the boron load of streams and provides important subordinate loads of several other constituents, including atrazine derived from the Mississippi River via the public water supply. Average surface water concentrations at the watershed outlet closely approximate a 92:8 mixture of karst ground water and treated wastewater, demonstrating the dominance of ground water contributions to streams. Therefore the karst aquifer and watershed streams form a single water quality system that is also affected by wastewater effluent. 相似文献
98.
Douglas G. Boyer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(2):291-300
ABSTRACT: Water quality indicators of two agriculturally impacted karst areas in southeastern West Virginia were studied to determine the water quality effects of grazing agriculture and water quality trends following initiation of water quality improvement programs. Both areas are tributaries of the Greenbrier River and received funding for best management practices under the President's Initiative for Water Quality and then under the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). After 11 years of study there was little evidence to suggest that water quality improved in one area. Three and a half years of study in the other area showed little evidence of consistent water quality improvement under EQIP. Lack of consistent water quality improvement at the catchment scale does not imply that the voluntary programs were failures. Increased livestock numbers as a result of successful changes in forage management practices may have overridden water quality improvements achieved through best management practices. Practices that target well defined contributing areas significantly impacting aquifer water quality might be one way to improve water quality at catchment scales in karst basins. For example, a significant decrease in fecal coliform concentrations was observed in subterranean drainage from one targeted sinkhole after dairy cattle were permanently excluded from the sinkhole. 相似文献
99.
John V. Westra Julie K.H. Zimmerman Bruce Vondracek 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(2):309-322
ABSTRACT: Farmers can generate environmental benefits (improved water quality and fisheries and wildlife habitat), but they may not be able to quantify them. Furthermore, farmers may reduce their incomes from managing lands to produce these positive externalities but receive little monetary compensation in return. This study simulated the relationship between agricultural practices, water quality, fish responses to suspended sediment and farm income within two small watersheds, one of a cool water stream and one of a warm water stream. Using the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model, this study related best management practices (BMPs) to calculated instream suspended sediment concentrations by estimating sediment delivery, runoff, base flow, and streambank erosion to quantify the effects of suspended sediment exposure on fish communities. By implementing selected BMPs in each watershed, annual net farm income declined $18,000 to $28,000 (1 to 3 percent) from previous levels. “Lethal” fish events from suspended sediments in the cool water watershed decreased by 60 percent as conservation tillage and riparian buffers increased. Despite reducing suspended sediments by 25 percent, BMPs in the warm water watershed did not reduce the negative response of the fisheries. Differences in responses (physical and biological) between watersheds highlight potential gains in economic efficiency by targeting BMPs or by offering performance based “green payments.” 相似文献
100.
Timothy N. McPherson Steven J. Burian Michael K. Stenstrom H.J. Turin Michael J. Brown I.H. Suffet 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(4):959-969
Effective watershed management requires an accurate assessment of the pollutant loads from the associated point and nonpoint sources. The importance of wet weather flow (WWF) pollutant loads is well known, but in semi‐arid regions where urbanization is significant the pollutant load in dry weather flow (DWF) may also be important. This research compares the relative contributions of potential contaminants discharged in DWF and WWF from the Ballona Creek Watershed in Los Angeles, California. Models to predict DWF and WWF loads of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate‐nitrogen, nitrite‐nitrogen, ammonia‐nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus from the Ballona Creek Watershed for six water years dating from 1991 to 1996 were developed. The contaminants studied were selected based on data availability and their potential importance in the degradation of Ballona Creek and Santa Monica Bay beneficial uses. Wet weather flow was found to contribute approximately 75 percent to 90 percent of the total annual flow volume discharged by the Ballona Creek Watershed. Pollutant loads are also predominantly due to WWF, but during the dry season, DWF is a more significant contributor. Wet weather flow accounts for 67 to 98 percent of the annual load of the constituents studied. During the dry season, however, the portion attributable to DWF increases to greater than 40 percent for all constituents except biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids. When individual catchments within the watershed are considered, the DWF pollutant load from the largest catchment is similar to the WWF pollutant load in two other major catchments. This research indicates WWF is the most significant source of nonpoint source pollution load on an annual basis, but management of the effects of the nonpoint source pollutant load should consider the seasonal importance of DWF. 相似文献