Photocatalytic degradation of the dye sulforhodamine-B： A comparative study of different light sources

The photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutant sulforhodamine-B （SRB） in aqueous titanium dioxide （TiO2） dispersions was examined under three lighting regimes： UV light （330 nm〈λ〈 380 nm）, sunlight, and visible light （λ〉450 nm）, all investigated at pH=2.5. Total organic carbon （TOC） and chemical oxygen demand （CODer） assays show that the degradation rate of SRB is much higher when irradiated with UV and sunlight compared with visible light. The temporal concentration changes of SRB illustrated a first-order reaction and the rate constant, k, is 0.197 min^-1, 0.152 min^-1, 0.027 min^-1, respectively, under the three lighting conditions. The final mineralized products were amine compounds identified by infrared spectrophotometry. When irradiated with visible light, the photocatalytic degradation rate could be improved by lowering the H2O2 concentration and inhibited by increasing the H2O2 concentration, but results contrary to the above were obtained when UV light was used for irradiation.     

关于第一次全国污染源普查工作的实践与思考

在全国第一次污染源普查过程中,县级普查机构普遍遇到了组织协调工作难、选调高素质普查人员难、摸清普查对象难、准确填报普查表难、普查数据审核难等问题,为搞好下一次普查,建议要建立普查常设机构,统筹各项普查工作;着眼市场经济条件,合理制定普查方案;充分应用软件技术,科学设计普查表格;宏观与微观并重,数据开发应注重基层的适用性。     

石化行业炼油恶臭污染源治理技术评估

运用环保技术评估体系,提出石油炼制过程中典型恶臭污染源治理技术评价指标体系,并对已应用的治理技术进行全面评估,从而筛选出炼油污水处理场废气、酸性水罐罐顶气、冷焦水罐/油品中间罐/污油罐罐顶气、氧化脱硫醇尾气和油品装卸挥发气的最佳可行技术.     

Exploitation of carbohydrate food sources in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polybia occidentalis</Emphasis>: social cues influence foraging decisions in swarm-founding wasps

An efficient exploitation of carbohydrate food sources would be beneficial for social wasp species that store nectar within their nest. In the swarm-founding polistine wasp Polybia occidentalis, we now demonstrate that the decisions of when and where to forage are influenced by information from conspecifics. Only when foragers had been trained to collect at artificial carbohydrate feeders did newcomers (food-source-naive individuals) continuously arrive at these feeders during 2 h of experiment. In control tests, in which no forager had been trained, not a single newcomer alighted at any of the offered carbohydrate food sources. This indicates that, during the foraging process, a nest-based input provided by successful foragers must have stimulated nestmates to search for food. Once activated, the newcomers’ choice on where to collect was strongly influenced by field-based social information. The mere visual presence of accumulated conspecifics (wasp dummies placed on one of the feeders) attracted newcomers to the food sources. Interestingly, however, visual enhancement was not the only decision-biasing factor at the feeding site. In an experimental series where searching wasps had to choose between the experimental feeder at which 3 foragers continuously collected and the control feeder with nine wasp dummies, only 40% of the wasps chose the visually enhanced feeder. This points to the existence of additional mechanisms of local enhancement. The possibility that, in social wasps, recruitment is involved in the exploitation of carbohydrate food sources is discussed.     

大气环境影响评价中的污染源调查要点分析

污染源调查是大气环境影响评价工作的基础。主要对比分析了08版与93版大气技术导则中污染源调查的异同点,提出现阶段大气环境影响评价中污染源调查的重点。     

基于组织机构代码的污染源标识研究

简述了中国环境保护多项业务中污染源代码现状,其污染源编码都是根据当时的环境管理工作需要,独立确定的一套编码规则,这些不同的标识方式,在污染源的编码格式上不具有稳定性与统一性,不利于污染源基础信息的共享,形成多个信息孤岛。提出了基于组织机构代码的污染源编码规则,确定了编码结构及表示形式,使新污染源编码规则具有较强的实用性、标识的唯一性以及结构的规范性。基于污染源代码,可以有效整合环境信息资源,形成污染源档案,为环境监管提供全面的、详实的数据支撑。根据当前环境管理业务信息系统的实际,提出了今后实施工作的建议。     

Important organic matter sources and trophic pathways for the nutrition of Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) and Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker, 1853) in Pangani macro-tidal estuary,Tanzania

The study investigated the spatial variation in the main sources of organic matter (OM) and trophic pathways for zooplanktivorous Hilsa kelee and phytodetritivorous Valamugil buchanani in fresh-water-influenced zone versus sea-water-dominated zone of Pangani estuary. The findings indicated significant inter-specific variations in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values (ANOVA, F?≥?84.3, p?F?≥?9.4, p?=?0.001) in both estuarine zones. Results also showed significant zonal-intraspecific variations in stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N), FA profile and marginal differences in diet for the V. buchanani while no considerable differences were observed for H. kelee from two estuarine zones. The isotope mixing models and FA biomarkers revealed that the most important carbon sources to the nutrition of H. kelee were derived from microphytobenthos, macro-algae and sea grasses transferred through phytoplankton and detrital trophic pathways. In contrast, C₃ terrestrial plants and microphytobenthos were the main carbon source to the diet of V. buchanani; and were transferred via the benthic and detrital trophic pathways. Therefore, both terrestrial and in-situ OM sources were the main trophic resources base fuelling the planktonic and benthic food webs in Pangani estuary.     

重庆市典型工业源颗粒物污染排放特征

利用稀释通道系统采集重庆市主城区典型燃煤锅炉和水泥窑炉烟道气中的颗粒物样品,并利用静电低压撞击器将其分为12级,分析了工业源颗粒物(0.02~10 μm)粒径谱特征。结果表明,水泥窑炉颗粒物数浓度排放表现出双峰型的对数分布特征,分别出现在积聚态（0.12 μm）以及接近粗颗粒态（1.23~1.96 μm）粒径范围处,燃煤锅炉颗粒物数浓度变化特征以及浓度水平都有较大的差异,主要呈积聚态单峰型变化趋势。大型燃煤电厂颗粒物排放的数浓度和质量浓度均为最高,其峰值分别为2.2×106 cm^-3和174.2 mg/m³。水泥窑炉PM_2.5中OC、Al、Ca含量较高,分别为17.96%、17.32%和9.90%;燃煤锅炉PM_2.5中Al、SO₄^2-和OC含量较高,分别为9.17%、8.92%和6.15%。相对于水溶性组分和碳组分,无机元素含量相对较高,其对水泥窑炉和燃煤锅炉PM_2.5质量浓度的贡献分别达到了44.28%和18.07%。     

广州流溪河流域典型农业集水区降雨径流污染物输出特征分析

选取广州市流溪河流域典型农业集水区--新田小流域为研究对象,对研究区降雨地表径流进行定点监测,探讨降雨-径流条件下农业非点源污染物的动态变化规律和不同利用类型的地表景观对非点源污染的贡献情况.结果表明:在降雨事件下,污染物输出浓度总体上高于日常非降雨条件的污染物浓度,T-N、T-P和CODCr的平均输出浓度分别是非降雨条件下的3.8倍、7.8倍和32.1倍;整个降雨-径流过程中,降雨初期是非点源污染物流失的高峰期,污染物浓度变化总体趋势滞后于降雨强度的变化,但与径流量变化趋势总体上相似;从不同地表景观径流产污来看,经生活区的径流CODCr输出浓度显著上升,水田田面径流是引起水体环境N、P污染的主要原因.     

中国中东部一次大范围重污染过程特征分析

采用嵌套网格空气质量预报模式(NAQPMS)模拟与气象、污染物观测资料相结合的方式,分析了2016年12月影响中国中东部地区的一次重污染过程中PM_(2.5)时空分布特征及来源成因。结果表明,重污染过程中PM_(2.5)具有较明显的时空变化规律,污染呈现一定程度的区域性分布特点,不同地理位置条件下,污染物浓度的累积和传输方式表现出不同的特征,细颗粒物快速二次生成及不利扩散条件下的持续积累可能是此次污染过程的主要原因,不利于污染物扩散的高低空天气形势的配合抑制了污染物的快速消散,为大气污染的形成及维持提供了稳定的大气环境背景,形成了此次污染过程污染浓度高、影响范围大的态势。