城市公路隧道预警指标体系调研与分析

通过对上海市公路隧道运营的实地调研以及欧洲主要城市公路隧道的资料收集,讨论并比较城市公路隧道运营预警系统发展过程及其设计框架;分析国内外城市公路隧道预警系统构成;研究预警指标的预警原理及其特性。结合上海市公路隧道实地调研收集和反馈的数据资料,对城市公路隧道预警指标的选择进行研究,从而为城市公路隧道预警系统的规范化、标准化提供理论依据和技术支持。     

西安市城中村事故隐患分析及对策措施研究

以实地调查所得的西安市城中村的安全状况为依据,针对西安市城中村事故频发、救援困难的特点,从系统论的观点,全面分析了西安市城中村这一系统所存在的主要危险有害因素,得到以西安市城中村灾害事故为顶上事件的事故树,充分运用事故树模型,计算得出西安市城中村存在的主要危险有害因素的结构重要度排序。本次调查研究以有效的解决西安市城中村事故隐患为目的,利用系统论和FTA为研究手段,针对目前西安城中村事故隐患提出了“五加强”的对策：加强施工安全规范、加强交通管理、加强治安巡查力度、加强基础设施建设、加强消防知识教育,为全国各大城市城中村事故隐患问题的解决提供一定的参考。     

长株潭城市环境空气中PM2.5和O3质量浓度的相关性研究

PM2.5与O3均为导致城市环境空气质量恶化的主要污染物,采用自动设备监测湖南省长沙、株洲、湘潭3市商业区和郊区空气中的PM2.5和O3质量浓度,并对数据进行相关性分析.结果表明:PM2.5和O3质量浓度的季节性变化大,其中O3质量浓度夏、秋2季高,春、冬2季低;PM2.5则秋、冬2季高,春、夏2季低;O3质量浓度峰值一般出现在当天午后,PM2.5质量浓度峰值一般出现在上午;空间分布上,O3质量浓度在郊区站点相对较高,而PM2.5质量浓度在商业区站点较高.PM2.5与O3质量浓度变化以负相关为主,即PM2.5质量浓度高时,O3质量浓度则低,反之亦然,二者一般不产生叠加污染.总体上,夏、秋季节应主要防O3污染,春、冬季节则主要防PM25污染.     

城乡接合部居民楼火灾风险评价及防控对策研究

为了准确探究城乡接合部居民楼火灾事故致因机理,预防与控制城乡接合部日常生产与生活过程中引发火灾事故的有效途径,建立信息面更全、实际性更强的火灾风险评估模型是目前行之有效的手段。基于湖南省某地发生火灾事故的实际情况,根据事故树分析法,以城乡接合部居民楼火灾事故为顶事件构建事故树,计算得到事故树的最小割集、最小径集和结构重要度,研究城乡接合部居民楼火灾事故的发生模式、致因因素及影响程度,为改善城乡接合部居民楼火灾安全提供重要的理论依据,并提出相应的防控措施及对策。     

基于PSR模型的城市生态安全评价与贡献度研究——以铜川市为例

以铜川市为例进行城市生态安全评价和指标分析,采用压力-状态-响应模型和层次分析法构建出含有项目、因素、指标的铜川市生态安全评价体系。通过生态不安全指数定量表示城市的生态安全状况,对铜川市2014-2016年的生态安全状况进行了综合评价,并计算分析了各指标对城市总体生态不安全指数的贡献度。结果表明,铜川市的生态安全处于“临界安全”状态,并呈现逐渐向好的发展趋势。人均灌溉农田面积、地表水环境质量、环境空气质量和环保投资占GDP比例对铜川市生态不安全指数贡献度较大,应给予重视。     

基于文本挖掘的城市景区密集人群风险感知

为充分挖掘城市景区密集人群风险信息和隐藏规律,以携程、美团、大众点评3个旅游网站上发表的关于城市景区密集人群的游记和评论作为数据源,运用潜在狄利克雷分配(LDA)主题模型及Word2Vec词向量模型挖掘密集人群风险感知主题与关键词及二者之间的关联关系;基于计划行为理论构建城市景区密集人群风险感知模型,结合共现规律对风险感知主题的关联关系分析,明确景区密集人群对个体风险感知的作用规律。研究结果表明：降低个体在密集人群情景下的风险感知水平,将避免公众产生消极行为,降低踩踏事故发生的可能性;同时通过主题共现分析得出影响个体风险感知的核心主题为“网红表演”主题,可通过提高热门表演管制力度来提高个体主观规范对实际行为的正向影响,使得个体风险感知强度处于稳定水平。研究结果可以完善城市景区密集人群风险管理和风险沟通机制,从而有效管理风险。     

城市地下道路V形区段坡度构成对烟气扩散和重点排烟效果的影响研究*

为了研究城市地下道路V形区段坡度构成对烟气扩散和重点排烟效果的影响,采用数值模拟手段,对V形区段内变坡点两侧不同坡度构成、排烟口的开启方式对烟气扩散和重点排烟效率的影响进行研究。研究结果表明:对于对称V形区段,采用重点排烟控制烟气相对容易,但对降低排烟道下方顶棚最高温度作用有限;针对非对称V形区段,烟气的自由扩散特性与变坡点两侧坡度差有关,增加大坡度侧的排烟口数量可以提高排烟效率,但要将烟气有效地控制在较小的范围内相对困难。实际运行中,应结合坡度的实际构成和烟气控制总目标,制定相应的排烟口开启策略。     

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.     

Multi-objective Programming and Social Welfare Analysis of Rural–urban Land Conversion Decision-making

Abstract

Rural–urban land conversion is an inevitable phenomenon in urbanization and industrialization. And the decision-making issue about this conversion is multi-objective because the social decision maker (the whole of central government and local authority) has to integrate the requirements of different interest groups (rural collective economic organizations, peasants, urban land users and the ones affected indirectly) and harmonize the sub-objects (economic, social and ecological outcomes) of this land allocation process. This paper established a multi-objective programming model for rural–urban land conversion decision-making and made some social welfare analysis correspondingly. Result shows that the general object of rural–urban land conversion decision-making is to reach the optimal level of social welfare in a certain state of resources allocation, while the preference of social decision makers and the value judgment of interest groups are two crucial factors which determine the realization of the rural–urban land conversion decision-making objects.     

Industrial layout reconstruction,the role of local government and variation of pollution distribution in China

ABSTRACT

In recent years, high-polluting industries have been gradually shifted from the eastern developed regions to the central and western underdeveloped regions in China. Certain environmental regulations have been in place accordingly in various regions, but the pollution in the central and western regions has risen sharply. Based on the data of interprovincial panel in China from 2006 to 2015, this paper calculates high-pollution industry dynamic agglomeration index, environmental pollution agglomeration index and relative environmental regulation intensity index, and uses Generalized Method of Moments to carry out the regression analyses of the whole samples, regional heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between relative environmental regulation and environmental pollution concentration in China. The concentration degrees of industrial wastewater pollution and industrial waste gas pollution are deepened, which are mainly caused by the transfer of highly polluting industries. However, the concentration of industrial solid waste pollution caused by the transfer is not obvious. Furthermore, the deepening of industrialization intensifies the concentration of regional environmental pollution. Environmental Kuznets Curve does exist in China, but it is not significant. The increase of labor cost and quality will reduce the concentration of environmental pollution.