也论皖南中酸性侵入岩的地球化学及其成因

本文立足安徽南部中生代中酸性侵入岩,就长江中下游不同成因类型的岩浆岩地质、岩矿、地球化学方面的有关资料作一些补充,估算了成岩压力、温度、氧逸度、水逸度,并对其成因、演化和成岩时所处的构造环境,进行再认识,提供华南古板块与扬子古板块在碰撞前后挤压、拉张交替情况下各型中酸性侵入岩的某些信息。     

浙闽赣地区的火山金属矿床及其成因特征

本文对区内已知的Pb、Zn、Ag、Cu、Mo、Au和稀土等矿床确定出主要的火山金属矿床类型有五:火山热液型、斑岩型、火山沉积—热液迭加型、火山热液改造型和火山岩风化型。并简明地描述了它们的地质特征。刑不同方法测定了火山矿床形成时的温度和压力。根据火山岩中稀土和锶同位素组成确定了与成矿有关的岩浆来源。铅、硫同位素提供了成矿物质来源的信息。氢氧同位索组成表明火山金属矿床形成时天水起了重要作用,提出天水—火山成矿体系的成矿模式。     

平阳县雁门滑坡体的现场考察

根据滑坡体的地形地貌、岩石特征、工程地质条件、滑移特点及变形特征等的明显不同,可以将滑体划分为主动滑体和被动滑体。主动滑体以潜在的巨大动能向下急速滑动,撞击、挤压、推移被动滑体,被动滑动始终起着抗滑体的作用,以其产生一系列的变形,吸收化解了主动滑体的巨大能量,因而认为雁门滑坡属于少见的突发式推动———阻抗型滑坡。     

浙江省污水处理厂现状、存在问题及对策建议

根据对浙江省37家城市污水处理厂和大型工业污水集中处理厂20个月的监督监测结果，评述了该省城市污水处理厂和大型工业污水集中处理厂的现状，分析了经处理后排放的尾水超标原因和存在问题，并提出对策和建议。     

论浙东南磨石山群祝村组的解体

对浙东南磨石山群祝村组层型———丽水祝村剖面及其附近进一步地质调查时发现祝村组“下伏”的九里坪组为一个英安玢岩侵出体。祝村组建组的基础不存在。祝村组下部英安质熔结凝灰岩和上部流纹岩Nd同位素测定结果 :εNd(t)值和T2DM值分别为 - 9.6、- 7.2和1.70Ga、1.5 1Ga ,表明它们物质来源不同 ,属于不同火山旋回的产物。根据地层层序、岩石组合及与区域磨石山群地层对比 ,祝村组应解体为西山头组、茶湾组和九里坪组。祝村组一名不宜继续使用     

Drought Hazard and Desertification Management in the Drylands of Southern Africa

Droughts have been occurring persistently in southern African dryland regions for over a century. The impacts of droughts on people, their domesticated animals, wildlife, rangelands and cropped lands have been shown to be astronomical. If left alone the rangelands often recover after the calamity, however human occupation has led to irreversible damage. Even though some communities have evolved viable and sustainable coping mechanisms, recent times have seen weakened coping strategies leading to loss of life in most of the 10 countries in southern Africa. While land degradation has many inter-related causes and effects, drought-related effects have proven most difficult to manage and/or overcome. Drought-related land degradation or desertification poses a huge threat to sustainable land and resource management in the region. The paper examines appropriate drought mitigating initiatives, linking them to land tenure and land management practices. Numerous interventions targeted at reducing poverty and improvement in resource management have failed to achieve desired effects due to rigidity and imposition, and failure of the external interveners to recognise and incorporate indigenous peoples’ preferences and coping strategies. Non-governmental organisations and authorities’ willingness to institute drought and desertification combating measures are reviewed, highlighting the role that community action plays in reducing adverse effects in the region. Linkages to trade patterns that perpetuate poverty and unwise use of resources are discussed. Adopting ‘people centred’ mitigating measures is emphasised. Success rests with both the people in the ‘south’ and those in the ‘north’. What is required is an informed global action.     

Incorporating differences between genetic diversity of trees and herbaceous plants in conservation strategies

Reviews that summarize the genetic diversity of plant species in relation to their life history and ecological traits show that forest trees have more genetic diversity at population and species levels than annuals or herbaceous perennials. In addition, among-population genetic differentiation is significantly lower in trees than in most herbaceous perennials and annuals. Possible reasons for these differences between trees and herbaceous perennials and annuals have not been discussed critically. Several traits, such as high rates of outcrossing, long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, large effective population sizes (N_e), arborescent stature, low population density, longevity, overlapping generations, and occurrence in late successional communities, may make trees less sensitive to genetic bottlenecks and more resistant to habitat fragmentation or climate change. We recommend that guidelines for genetic conservation strategies be designed differently for tree species versus other types of plant species. Because most tree species fit an LH scenario (low [L] genetic differentiation and high [H] genetic diversity), tree seeds could be sourced from a few populations distributed across the species’ range. For the in situ conservation of trees, translocation is a viable option to increase N_e. In contrast, rare herbaceous understory species are frequently HL (high differentiation and low diversity) species. Under the HL scenario, seeds should be taken from many populations with high genetic diversity. In situ conservation efforts for herbaceous plants should focus on protecting habitats because the typically small populations of these species are vulnerable to the loss of genetic diversity. The robust allozyme genetic diversity databases could be used to develop conservation strategies for species lacking genetic information. As a case study of reforestation with several tree species in denuded areas on the Korean Peninsula, we recommend the selection of local genotypes as suitable sources to prevent adverse effects and to insure the successful restoration in the long term.     

The Sensitivity of Population Viability Analysis to Uncertainty about Habitat Requirements: Implications for the Management of the Endangered Southern Brown Bandicoot

Abstract:  Whenever population viability analysis (PVA) models are built to help guide decisions about the management of rare and threatened species, an important component of model building is the specification of a habitat model describing how a species is related to landscape or bioclimatic variables. Model-selection uncertainty may arise because there is often a great deal of ambiguity about which habitat model structure best approximates the true underlying biological processes. The standard approach to incorporate habitat models into PVA is to assume the best habitat model is correct, ignoring habitat-model uncertainty and alternative model structures that may lead to quantitatively different conclusions and management recommendations. Here we provide the first detailed examination of the influence of habitat-model uncertainty on the ranking of management scenarios from a PVA model. We evaluated and ranked 6 management scenarios for the endangered southern brown bandicoot ( Isoodon obesulus ) with PVA models, each derived from plausible competing habitat models developed with logistic regression. The ranking of management scenarios was sensitive to the choice of the habitat model used in PVA predictions. Our results demonstrate the need to incorporate methods into PVA that better account for model uncertainty and highlight the sensitivity of PVA to decisions made during model building. We recommend that researchers search for and consider a range of habitat models when undertaking model-based decision making and suggest that routine sensitivity analyses should be expanded to include an analysis of the impact of habitat-model uncertainty and assumptions.     

皖浙赣交境地区南华纪地层划分与对比

皖浙赣交境地区南华纪地层发育，出露面积广，属扬子地层区江南地层分布。因地层分区内不同地段的地层发育程度及沉积特征常有差异可进一步划分出皖浙赣地层小我和广丰地层小区。本文分别介绍了各地层小区的岩石地层单位特征、划分及对比，分析了该区不同时期的古沉积环境及岩相变化规律。