Land Use/Cover Changes, the Environment and Water Resources in Northeast China

Land use/cover in Northeast China went through extensive changes during the 1990s. This report explores the interaction between these changes and the environment, and the implication of these changes for rational allocation of water resources. Two maps of land use/cover produced from 1990 and 2000 Landsat TM satellite images were overlaid in ArcInfo to reveal changes in land cover. Results indicate that farmland and grassland decreased by 386,195 and 140,075 ha, respectively, while water, built-up areas, and woodland increased by 238,596, 194,231, and 192,682 ha, respectively. These changes bore a mutual relationship with the environmental change. On the one hand, climate warming made some of these changes (e.g., conversion of woodland and grassland to farmland) possible. On the other hand, the changed surface cover modified the local climate. These changes, in turn, caused severe environmental degradation and increased flooding. The change between dry field and rice paddy, in particular, raised severe implications for the proper allocation of limited water resources in the Northeast. Efforts are needed to coordinate their rational allocation to reap maximum and sustainable return over the entire area, not just in some localities. Results obtained in this study should be of interest to the international audience of Environmental Management in that they highlight the interactive nature of human activities and the environment and the off-site impact of these activities on the environment.     

中国的地震减灾系统工程

组织不同程度不同方式的综合减灾系统,有利于一个社会单元综合对待多种紧急的灾情事务,有利于政府处理紧急事务的专业化、资源的集中运用和行政管理与指挥的专职高效.地震减灾系统工程,原则上包括四个工作领域和十个工作方面,即:监测、预测(报)、评估(专业系统);防灾、抗灾、救灾(社会公共安全系统);安置-恢复、保险-援助、立法-教育(社会保障安全系统);规划-指挥(社会组织系统).     

西部地区重大工程建设中的泥石流灾害 --兼论其与环境的互馈作用

在西部大开发过程中,许多重大工程建设涉及泥石流灾害的问题.讨论了工程活动、泥石流及山地环境之间的相互作用和影响.工程活动往往受到泥石流、山地环境的制约,同时它作为活的因素,又积极地影响着泥石流和山地环境,促使其产生次生演化,泥石流和山地环境的次生演化常会对工程活动产生次生制约.泥石流的发生会危及工程和人类的安全,破坏地表,破坏生态环境;人类工程活动若不遵守自然规律,过度向山地索取,必将导致山地环境退化和泥石流的广泛活动及频繁发生,甚至引起泥石流活动范围扩大和成灾规律改变.     

西部国内旅游远程市场旅游产品开发

旅游产品的开发水平是西部旅游业发展的制约因素.在西部国内旅游营销中,要把东部客源市场作为远程旅游目标市场,远程旅游产品的开发要以市场为导向.在分析东部客源市场特点的基础上,提出了西部国内旅游远程市场旅游产品的开发策略:①体现西部特色,与东部旅游产品形成互补;②以资源保护为前提,开发生态型旅游产品;③整合西部旅游资源,开发跨区域旅游精品;④协调好各旅游要素的功能,形成不同等级的旅游服务系统;⑤针对东部地区客源市场特点设计旅游产品;⑥重视老年旅游和青少年学生旅游产品的开发.     

中国洪水灾后恢复重建行动与理论探讨

基于中国洪水灾后恢复重建的实践 ,总结了中国洪灾灾后恢复重建的结构体系 ,并依此讨论了洪水灾后恢复重建的若干理论和实践问题。文章指出 ,应明确洪水灾后恢复重建与备灾和防灾的关系 ,并提出了洪水灾后恢复重建的结构体系与程序。     

CAUSES OF DUST DEVIL IN THE NORTHERN CHINA IN RECENT YEARS AND MEASURES FOR ITS PREVENTION & CONTROL

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The Ecological and Environmental Characteristics and Conservation of the Wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China

The natural wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China are important ecologically. The total area of the wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary amounts to 215000 ha. The wetlands consist of littoral and sandy estuarine island areas, and are rich in biological resources. There are 136 species of vascular plant, 150 species of bird, and 68 species of benthic macro-invertebrate in the wetlands. However, the wetland in the Changjiang Estuary is a vulnerable ecosystem. Development of the wetland is mainly influenced by intensive human reclamation, pollution, movement of sediments in the Changjiang River, and the effects of tides and waves. Investigations have shown that maintaining biodiversity, providing resources for the living organisms, purifying environments and resisting natural hazards could be regarded as important functions for the protection of the wetlands. It is proposed that sustainable principles should be supported in developing the wetlands in the future.     

2002年9-12月国内环境事件数据

简要统计了2002年9－12月国内发生的各种环境事件57件，包括沙尘天气（3件），污染事件（10件），山体滑坡和泥石流（12件），虫害（2件）以及其他自然灾害（30件），最后对自然灾害进行了讨论。     

2003年5-8月国内环境事件数据

简要统计了2003年5—8月国内发生的各种环境事件127件，包括沙尘天气(1件)、污染事件(18件)、山体滑坡和泥石流(39件)、地震(15件)、虫害(9件)以及其他自然灾害(45件)。最后对洪涝、地质灾害和旱灾进行了讨论。     

GIS在西部生态环境建设中的应用

GIS与西部生态环境建设的有机结合将是一项长期的、复杂的系统工程。在严格论证了该项目实施的可行性之后，在可持续发展理论的指导下，运用空间分析方法，提出了项目的实施方案。在该方案中，对生态环境信息数据进行了分类，详述了空间数据文件存贮结构，查询管理子系统的开发，最后得出生态环境地理信息系统的总体结构，并简述了其功能。