CO2和O3浓度倍增及复合效应对大豆生长和产量的影响

利用OTC-1型农田开顶式气室,模拟研究了大气中CO₂、O₃浓度倍增及其复合效应对大豆生长、根瘤和产量形成的影响.结果表明,CO₂浓度倍增促进根系生长,固氮能力增强,植株高度和基部粗度增加,对发育期、绿叶数和绿叶面积影响不大.O₃浓度倍增抑制大豆根系和茎的生长,固氮能力下降,叶片伤害使绿叶数和绿叶面积显著下降, 衰老提前.在CO₂和O₃的复合试验中,CO₂浓度增加明显缓解O₃浓度增加对大豆伤害和抑制作用,CO₂、O₃浓度持续倍增处理下大豆生长和固氮能力与CK的数量差异明显小于单一O₃浓度倍增与CK 的数量差异,逐渐增加CO₂、O₃浓度的刺激作用和剂量效应使大豆生长后期伤害加重,绿叶数、绿叶面积显著下降,而根系固氮能力有所提高.     

14C-Ethion residues in soybean seeds: metabolic pathway,effect of processing,bioavailability, toxicity and protective action of artichoke leaf powder towards rats

The metabolic fate of ethion labeled with ¹⁴C-at the ethyl ester groups in soybean seeds following topical application to leaves was studied. Chromatographic analysis of soybean oil revealed the presence of the parent compound together with four metabolites which were identified as ethion monooxon, ethion dioxon, O-ethyl phosphorothioate and O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate. The effect of processing on ethion residues in soybean oil was investigated. The refined oil contained small amounts of the ¹⁴C-residues originally present (37.5%). Upon feeding rats with the cake containing ethion bound residues, a substantial amount of ¹⁴C-residues was eliminated in the urine (73%), and about 6% excreted with the feces. About 5% of the radioactive residues were distributed among various organs. Mature male Wistar rats were fed on soybean seeds containing ethion residues (1.93 ppm), and on artichoke leaves powder (1% W/W) for four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the ethion-treated group had a significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. The ethion-treated rats also had a lower total serum protein and albumin levels, as well as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity as compared with controls. Moreover, concomitant treatment with artichoke leaf powder improved, at least partially, all the biochemical parameters that were altered by ethion.     

O3和UV-B共同作用对大豆干物质和产量的影响

为揭示O₃和UV-B共同作用对大豆干物质和产量的影响,以大豆“八月黄”为供试材料,利用OTC(开顶式气室)和紫外灯模拟O₃和UV-B共同作用环境,研究大豆干物质和产量的变化. 结果表明:与对照组相比,T1(UV-B辐射增强10%左右)、T2(100nL/L O₃与增强10%左右的UV-B复合)和T3(150nL/L O₃与增强10%左右的UV-B复合)处理下,成熟期大豆株高分别降低了12.73%、12.78%和14.15%;w〔Chl(a+b)〕分别减少了-1.16%(P>0.05)、34.20%(P<0.05)和57.38%(P<0.05);净光合速率(P_n)分别下降了11.50%、46.65%和48.58%;单株干物质质量显著降低(P<0.05),分别减少了31.02%、61.35%和67.53%;大豆产量分别减少了4.13%、54.09%和79.34%. O₃和UV-B对大豆的生长和干物质累积均有不利影响,并且存在一定的协同影响,2个因子共同作用对大豆生长和干物质累积更为不利;O₃和UV-B共同作用下大豆产量的降低主要是由粒数和粒质量降低所致.      

玉米-土壤和大豆-土壤体系中95Zr的消长动态

采用模拟污染物的同位素示踪技术进行了⁹⁵zr在2种作物-土壤体系中的消长动态研究,并应用库室模型和非线性回归方法确定了各体系的拟合方程.结果显示:①玉米和大豆从土壤中吸收的⁹⁵Zr主要集中在根部,且根部中的⁹⁵Zr比活度随时间呈缓慢增加,并在经历一段时间后逐渐趋于动态平衡;其余各部位的比活度较低,较大部分接近于本底水平,表明⁹⁵Zr被玉米和大豆根系吸收后不易在其体内迁移、输运;②喷施进入土壤中的⁹⁵Zr主要滞留在表层(0～8cm)土壤中,其量占总量的97.5%以上,表明⁹⁵Zr被表层土壤吸附,不易随水流向下迁移;③对实验数据进行回归分析,得玉米和大豆植株中⁹⁵Zr比活度的消长动态拟合方程为C_m(t)=3.2067(1-e^01582t)和C_b(t)=3.0925(1-e^-0.1363t),经方差分析,表明回归方程较好地反应了⁹⁵Zr在玉米-土壤和大豆-土壤体系中的消K动态.     

曝气时间对模拟豆制品废水处理效果影响

大豆营养丰富,保健功能强,其蛋白质含量高达36%以上,而胆固醇含量极低,因此已成为人们摄取植物性蛋白的主要来源之一。为了提高国民素质,根据《中国食物结构改革与发展纲要》,中国己于1996年9月正式启动了大豆行动计划,发展大豆生产,积极引导消费,鼓励国民特别是中小学生饮用豆奶,食用豆制品。随着大豆计划的实施,豆制品生产的供与求将越来越大,相应地其废水排放量也越来越大,因此豆制品废水的处理显得十分紧迫[1-4],采用厌氧好氧法处理模拟豆制品废水,考察曝气时间对厌氧处理后废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:进水COD为420 mg/L～580 mg/L,对废水中的COD、NH4+-N、PO34--P有较好的去除能力。该系统运行稳定,工艺可行。     

不同改良措施对煤矸石污染土壤上大豆生长的影响

采用盆栽试验,通过添加粉煤灰和牛粪对煤矸石污染土壤进行改良,并研究了不同改良措施对大豆生长、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,添加粉煤灰0.07 kg.kg-1(T1)、添加牛粪0.07 kg.kg-1(T2)、添加粉煤灰和牛粪各0.07 kg.kg-1(T3)3种土壤改良措施对大豆的株高、叶面积和单株根瘤数均有显著影响,不同生育期株高、叶面积和单株根瘤数均表现为T3>T2>T1>CK。在花期和鼓粒期,3种土壤改良措施下大豆的叶绿素含量和光合速率均显著高于对照,且T3处理显著高于T2和T1。与对照相比,不同土壤改良措施对大豆的单株荚数、百粒重、单株粒重和产量均有显著影响,T3、T2和T1处理的大豆产量较对照分别提高68.47%、40.99%和30.63%。     

铀胁迫对大豆与玉米幼苗细胞DNA损伤的彗星试验研究

以铀浓度为1000 μmol·L-1、800 μmol·L-1、600 μmol·L-1、400 μmol·L-1、200μmol·L-1和100μmol·L-1的6组铀溶液和对照组(0μmol·L-1)培养大豆和玉米幼苗,采用彗星试验研究铀胁迫对大豆和玉米幼苗细胞DNA的损伤情况.试验结果表明,铀浓度为1 000 μ...     

Gear oil formulation designed to meet bio-preferred criteria as well as give high performance

A bio-based gear oil was developed from soybean oil (SBO). The SBO was first thermally polymerised and then mixed with additives and diluents. The effect of pour point depressants, co-base oils, antioxidants and anti-wear additives is reported. Lubricity, viscosity index and oxidation stability of the final formulation of the bio-based gear oil are compared with commercially available gear oils. The final formulation of bio-based gear oil gives test results: viscosity index 165, four-ball wear scar 0.375 mm. These numbers are comparable to or better than the commercially available gear oils tested for comparison. The oxidation onset temperature of the bio-based gear oil, 220°C, is lower than the evaluated commercial products, but still at an acceptable range for gear oil.     

Effects of lanthanum（Ⅲ） on nitrogen metabolism of soybean seedlings under elevated UV-B radiation

The hydroponic culture experiments of soybean bean seedlings were conducted to investigate the effect of lanthanum(La)on nitrogen metabolism under two different levels of elevated UV-B radiation(UV-B,280-320 nm).The whole process of nitrogen metabolism involves uptake and transport of nitrate,nitrate assimilation,ammonium assimilation,amino acid biosynthesis,and protein synthesis. Compared with the control,UV-B radiation with the intensity of low level 0.15 W/m~2 and high level 0.45 W/m~2 significantly affected the whole nitrogen metabolism in soybean seedlings(p<0.05).It restricted uptake and transport of NO_3~-,inhibited activity of some key nitrogen-metabolism-related enzymes,such as:nitrate reductase(NR)to the nitrate reduction,glutamine systhetase(GS)and glutamine synthase(GOGAT)to the ammonia assimilation,while it increased the content of free amino acids and decreased that of soluble protein as well.The damage effect of high level of UV-B radiation on nitrogen metabolism was greater than that of low level. And UV-B radiation promoted the activity of the anti-adversity enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),which reduced the toxicity of excess ammonia in plant.After pretreatment with the optimum concentration of La(20 mg/L),La could increase the activity of NR, GS,GOGAT,and GDH,and ammonia assimilation,but decrease nitrate and ammonia accumulation.In conclusion,La could relieve the damage effect of UV-B radiation on plant by regulating nitrogen metabolism process,and its alleviating effect under low level was better than that under the high one.     

土壤重金属复合污染对作物的影响

本文采用盆栽试验，研究了石灰性土壤中铜、镍、铅、锌复合污染对大豆和水稻的影响，并讨论了离子冲量在表征复合污染的综合效应及污染金属总量控制中的应用。结果表明：对于水稻，共存元素协同使产量降低，它们的影响顺序是：铜＞锌＞镍＞铅；对于大豆，铜、铅、锌的存在降低了镍的毒性，影响顺序了：铜＞铅＞锌＞镍。供试元素在作物体内的累积、分布和迁移除了受到本身性质和添加量影响外，还受到元素相互作用的影响，后者的影响很