昼夜增温对大豆田土壤N2O排放的影响

通过田间试验,用静态箱-气相色谱法测定N2O排放通量,研究昼夜增温对大豆田土壤N2O排放的影响.结果表明,增温没有改变大豆田土壤N2O排放通量的季节性变化规律.整个生长季,与对照相比,增温土壤N2O平均排放通量增加了17.31%(P=0.019),累积排放量显著增加了20.27%(P=0.005).对照与增温处理土壤N2O排放通量与土壤温湿度均呈显著性相关关系,对照与增温土壤的N2O排放温度敏感系数分别为3.75和4.10.整个生育期,增温显著增加了植株地上和总生物量、叶片硝酸还原酶活性和全氮含量,显著降低了叶片NO3--N含量;显著增加了土壤NO3--N含量,但对土壤有机碳及全氮含量没有显著影响.本研究表明,昼夜增温显著增加了大豆田土壤N2O的排放.     

UV-B辐射胁迫对大豆幼苗内源激素的影响

为了探索UV-B辐射胁迫对大豆幼苗内源激素的影响,试验以大豆幼苗为材料,采用水培实验的方法研究了UV-B辐射胁迫对大豆幼苗生长素(IAA)、生长素氧化酶(IAAO)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)的影响.结果表明,UV-B辐射(T1:0.15W.m-2和T2:0.45 W.m-2)胁迫下,大豆幼苗IAAI、AAO、ABA、GA含量在胁迫期(1~5 d)和恢复期(6~11 d)分别呈现"先下降后有所回升"、"先升后降再升"、"先升后降"、"下降"趋势.进而从内源激素层面表明了UV-B辐射伤害大豆幼苗的机理效应。     

含钛高炉渣合成复合肥料及大豆栽培实验研究

以含钛高炉渣为原料采用加热法制备肥料,以提高其溶解性能,使其中的营养元素转化为易被植物吸收利用的形式,并通过栽培实验研究了肥料对大豆生长状况、性状、产量和营养成分的影响。结果表明:炉渣中Mg、Ti、Fe的溶出率分别为88%、84%和75%,肥料中可被植物有效利用的元素有氮、硅、硫、钙、镁、铁和钛。该肥料可以使大豆产量、百粒重和叶片叶绿素含量明显增加;生育期缩短2 d;籽粒的氮、磷和钾含量显著增加,蛋白质和淀粉含量增加。施用该固态复合肥并未导致钒和铬等重金属元素在大豆体内的富集。     

荧蒽对大豆种子发芽的影响

针对国内外有关荧蒽(FLT)对种子萌发影响研究极少的现状,本文设置5个质量浓度(2,5,15,25,50 mg·L-1)的染毒组、1个空白对照组(0 mg·L-1)和1个助溶剂对照组(丙酮体积分数为1%),以大豆种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗长度为测量指标,探索性地研究了FLT对大豆种子萌发的毒性效应。结果表明:在浓度小于15 mg·L-1的FLT胁迫下,大豆发芽率与对照相比无显著差异,大于等于15 mg·L-1的FLT胁迫则显著抑制了发芽率(p0.05)。发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数则对FLT的胁迫作用更加敏感,当FLT浓度大于等于5 mg·L-1时呈显著降低(p0.05)。FLT对幼苗长度起抑制作用,且随浓度越高和处理时间增长,抑制作用逐渐增强。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用快速检测大豆及土壤中氟磺胺草醚残留

采用分散固相萃取(QuEChERS)样品前处理方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测大豆和土壤中氟磺胺草醚的残留分析方法.大豆和土壤样品采用乙腈(含0.5%甲酸)提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)或石墨化碳黑(GCB)净化,UPLC-MS/MS外标法检测定量.在0.005—0.5 mg.kg-1添加范围内,氟磺胺草醚在土壤、大豆和大豆植株中的平均回收率在79.4%—109.0%之间,变异系数在3.6%—10.1%之间.在山东、河南、吉林进行了氟磺胺草醚在大豆植株和土壤中的降解动态研究,结果表明,试验点中氟磺胺草醚在土壤中的降解半衰期为8.5—23.7 d;在大豆植株中的降解半衰期为2.7—9.8 d.     

Treatment of soybean wastewater by a wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides and to produce protein under natural conditions

The conventional treatment method of soybean wastewater is expensive and generates waste sludge that requires further handling. Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) wastewater treatment is a clean technology and can generate single cell protein while degrading pollutants. A wild strain of PNSB, Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08, was isolated from local soil and was used to treat soybean wastewater. To develop a cost-effective process, the work was performed under natural conditions without artificial light, aeration, nutrients addition, or pH and temperature adjustment. The results showed that the wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08 could grow well under natural conditions. The growth curve showed two quick-growth periods and a turning point. The Z08 treatment of soybean wastewater was zero order reaction and COD reduction was 96% after 10 d. The major byproducts of the process were C2-C5 organic acids, predominantly butyric acid. No alcohol was found in the effluent. The initial COD/bacterial-mass ratio (F/M) had a significant effect on soybean wastewater treatment efficiency. When the initial F/M was lower than 10 mg-COD/mg-bacteria, a sufficient amount of time to achieve 90% of COD reduction was only three days. The Z08 biomass yield was 0.28g·g⁻¹, and the bacterial protein content was 52%.     

中国一年生野生大豆群体的遗传多样性研究

选用来自全国各地的一年生野生大豆２００ 余份材料,从形态性状、等位酶标记和细胞器ＤＮＡＲＦＬＰ标记的遗传丰富度和遗传离散度两方面分析了中国野生大豆群体的遗传多样性．结果表明：中国野生大豆天然群体存在着遗传分化,各地理生态群体间的遗传多样性水平不同,南方群体最高,黄淮海群体次之,东北群体最低．南方为一年生野生大豆的遗传多样性中心,也可能是起源中心．     

Renewable biofuel production from hydrocracking of soybean biodiesel with a commercial petroleum Ni-W catalyst

As a potential hydrocarbon production method, the hydrocracking of soybean biodiesel, using a commercial petroleum hydrocracking catalyst, was studied. Experiments were carried out in a 1,000 mL, high-pressure autoclave for 2–4 hr over the temperature range of 200–280°C under an initial hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa. Hydrocracking of soybean biodiesel produced n-paraffins in the C₈–C₁₇ boiling range, which includes both green gasoline and diesel. Both pressure and temperature play important roles in the transformation of soybean biodiesel. Hydrocarbons can be formed above 220°C with a liquid yield of 81.76%. The n-alkanes content of the liquid product reached 32.29% at 280°C, with 88.32% C₁₁–C₁₄ selectivity. In addition, hydrocracking results in many changes of catalyst such as physical properties, morphology, etc. For the used catalyst, the concentrations of Ni and C increased, and the pore channels were significantly reduced.     

大豆膳食纤维改性及其对阳离子染料吸附特性

对大豆膳食纤维进行了羧甲基化改性,并利用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构进行了表征.研究了羧甲基化大豆膳食纤维用量、吸附时间、吸附温度、溶液pH值等因素对其吸附亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和品红效果的影响.结果表明,当吸附温度为25℃、羧甲基化大豆膳食纤维浓度为20 mg/L、溶液pH值为6.8和吸附时间为60 min时,羧甲基化大豆膳食纤维对亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和品红的去除率分别达到96.4％、95.6％和94.7％.另外,此吸附过程较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型.     

大豆油乙氧基化合物的生物降解

采用振荡培养实验和活性污泥模拟实验对大豆油乙氧基化合物（SOE）进行了生物降解研究。实验结果表明,振荡培养实验中SOE的初级生物降解度随平均环氧乙烷加成数的增多而略有下降,且SOE-4,SOE-10,SOE-20的初级生物降解度在第6天时分别为97．3％,91．1％,89．4％;活性污泥模拟实验中SOE的初级生物降解度随平均环氧乙烷加成数的增多而增加,且SOE-4,SOE-10,SOE-20的初级生物降解度在第8天时分别为29．0％,81．2％,100．0％。用激光粒度仪测量SOE水合物在不同静置时间时的粒径分布及分散度结果表明,随静置时间的延长,平均环氧乙烷加成数少的SOE水合物粒径逐渐增大,且分散性或水溶性变差,易产生团聚导致初级生物降解度降低。对水溶性或分散性较差的表面活性剂,建议以振荡培养实验研究其生物降解性较为恰当。