On the contested nature of place: ‘Figuera’s Well’, ‘The Hole of Shame’ and the ideological struggle over public space in Barcelona

This paper explores some of the discursive practices through which the place meanings are formulated, warranted and, above all, contested. Drawing particularly on the work of the social psychologist Michael Billig, we present a rhetorical analysis of newspaper reports and interview accounts about the ‘development’ of a contested public space in Barcelona, known locally both as Figuera’s Well and the Hole of Shame. This analysis explores a number of rhetorically opposed constructions of the nature, purpose and appropriate beneficiaries of this place, whose implications are discussed both within the context of local power struggles and within the context of wider ideological struggles over the nature of public spaces in Barcelona. We argue that a rhetorical perspective reveals how practices of attributing meaning and value to places are often more conflict-ridden, action-oriented, and politically-charged than is implied by much research in environmental psychology. Relatedly, we argue that environmental psychologists need to complement a ‘weak’ conception of the role of conflict in the formation of public space (focused on subjective differences in environmental tastes, preferences and values) with a ‘strong’ conception of the role of conflict (focused on ideological struggles over access, equality and inclusion).     

基于点-轴系统理论的北黄海经济带空间结构研究

选取北黄海经济带作为研究对象,从区域空间角度,基于点-轴理论,重点分析了北黄海经济带的空间结构.结果表明,北黄海经济带的空间发展模式为点-轴渐进逐级开发模式,并具有规模经济效应、集聚与扩散效应、交通协同效应;北黄海经济带依托大连经济发展一级枢纽轴心,沿庄河、东港二级枢纽轴心的两条产业轴延伸,形成一条点-轴式空间发展枢纽轴带,即北黄海经济带.     

秦岭南北两麓旅游地成长与旅游流空间分布对比研究

系统收集了2002-2008年陕西省秦岭南北两麓旅游收入、旅游客流量、旅游资源等级等数据,利用市场占有率、环比增长率、集中度指数对秦岭南北两麓的旅游业成长及空间分布问题进行了定量研究.结果表明,旅游地成长优化度与旅游流空间分布密切相关,秦岭北麓旅游发展的市场占有率高但发展速度相对较慢,南麓的旅游占有率低但发展速度快;秦岭南北两麓由于旅游业发展的起点差距较大,内部极化现象严重;南北两麓的游客集聚度正从北麓逐步向南麓转移.     

密闭容器内微米级铝粉爆炸实验研究与数值模拟

对微米级铝粉在1.3 L Hartmann管中的爆炸特性进行了实验研究.分析了最大爆炸压力pmax及最大压力上升速率(dp/dt)max与延迟点火时间t、粉尘浓度c、粉尘粒径d的关系.基于CFD计算软件Fluent 6.3建立了Hartmann管内微米级铝粉爆炸数值模拟模型,分析了火焰发展过程,将pmax、(dp/dt...     

Can fear of going to jail reduce the number of road fatalities? The Spanish experience

The goal of this article is to evaluate the impact of the drastic Spanish Penal Code reform on the number of road deaths in Spain and the time that the effects might last. This is achieved by means of multivariate unobserved component models set up in a state space framework estimated using maximum likelihood. In short, with this reform Spain might be considered to be closing the final gap that kept it apart from other developed countries as far as the road accident rate is concerned. We have found two different types of effects on Spanish road traffic fatalities. Initially, a month before the reform was passed there was a 24.7 percent fall in Spanish road deaths. After the Bill had been passed and for the following thirteen months, the reduction stayed at a constant sixteen percent. This reform has reduced Spanish road fatalities by 534 in all between November 2007 and December 2008 and the effects will foreseeably continue during 2009.     

Forecasting turbine problems by means of the state space framework

A forecasting system is set up to improve the diagnosis in a Condition Monitoring Programme of a critical turbine placed at an industrial plant. The system is based on a statistical model in a State Space framework, such that the local mean level of the vibration state of the equipment is estimated directly from the data, based on a continuous-time set up. This model is combined with a cost model in Conditioned Monitoring, by which the time of preventive replacement is produced when the minimum of the expected cost per unit of time is reached into the future. Such measure is a combination of the costs of failure, the costs of a preventive replacement and the probabilities of reaching the alarm levels fixed by some criteria. The system is estimated by Maximum Likelihood and thoroughly tested on the equipment. The main tests relate to statistical properties of the model residuals and a comprehensive comparison with an alternative system, namely a linear trend regression model in continuous time. The system produced a reasonable forecasting performance and sensible time of preventive replacement prediction and outperformed the alternative forecasting system.     

微振动台阵记录中空间自相关法的时间延迟校正

本文给出了微振动台阵的波长与台站对间距离的半理论-半经验关系;根据前人的理论和实验,指出微振动波场存在优势方向,即在有效波长范围内,微振动的各道记录存在相位差;提出了投影到某方位的相位校正公式和校正方法,由此实现空间自相关法的相关函数和相速度曲线的时间延迟校正,通过实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

中国“三生空间”演变特征、生态环境效应及其影响因素

基于1990年、2000年、2010年和2018年土地利用现状遥感监测数据,利用转移矩阵对中国“生产—生活—生态”结构转型的时空演化特征进行研究,引入生态环境质量指数和土地利用转型的生态贡献率分析中国1990—2018年“三生空间”变化的生态环境效应,利用地理加权回归模型（GWR）对中国生态环境效应的主要影响因素及其作用效应的空间分异进行识别。结果表明:（1）研究期内中国生产、生活空间增加,生态空间减少,总体呈现“入不敷出”的态势。（2）中国1990—2018年生态环境质量的高值区以中国的南部和东北部为主,低值区主要分布在胡焕庸线西北部;其他生态空间和农业生产空间对草地和林地生态空间的挤占是导致研究期内生态环境质量恶化的重要原因。（3）坡度、年平均降水量、土地利用强度、海拔、地形起伏度、人口密度和年平均气温等是中国生态环境质量格局的主要影响因素,且各因素作用效应的空间差异明显。未来中国的政策制定和经济发展应考虑“三生空间”转型的生态环境效应及其主导影响因素,促进“三生空间”用地结构的合理分布,推进中国的生态文明建设。     

西南喀斯特典型区国土空间功能质量评价及耦合协调分析——以广南县为例

城镇、农业和生态功能组成整个国土空间功能系统,分析国土空间功能质量状况,揭示它们的耦合协调关系,是实现国土空间可持续发展的重要基础。为探究西南喀斯特地区国土空间功能的发展状况,分析其质量分布特征,以西南喀斯特典型区广南县为例,基于城镇、农业和生态功能质量评价指标体系的构建,借助综合评价法和探索性空间数据分析法,对国土空间的功能质量与空间特征进行了评估,并利用耦合协调度模型分析了国土空间功能的耦合协调状况。研究发现：（1）城镇和农业功能质量以低值为主,生态功能质量以高值为主,综合功能的高低质量的数量结构较平均,不同功能质量的空间分布存在差异;（2）四种国土空间功能质量均具有正相关性,以“高—高”和“低—低”集聚为主,并呈地域分布差异;（3）喀斯特地区各类功能相互影响较大,低耦合区和高耦合区分布差异显著,在建设用地中耦合度最低;（4）喀斯特地区国土空间功能的耦合协调关系可分为轻度失调、濒临失调、勉强协调和轻度协调,它们的空间分布差异与综合功能质量相似,国土空间功能耦合协调区管控措施的提出可有效推动喀斯特地区国土空间的可持续发展,促进国土空间功能质量的提高。研究结果可为西南喀斯特地区国土空间的均衡发展和优化调控提供参考。     

县域国土空间主体功能区土地资源空间配置效率及管制策略——以江苏赣榆为例

从县域出发,深化主体功能区概念应用,探究土地资源空间配置效率及其管制策略对深化我国国土空间治理体系具有重要意义。通过梳理主体功能区与土地资源空间配置理论关系,借助C-D生产函数考察江苏赣榆主体功能区土地资源空间配置效率,并差别化提出管制策略。研究表明,主体功能区建设实质是“以地为本”,功能区划理念下土地资源空间配置应遵循边际净收益相等的转化度,具有增进用地效率、减少自发优势竞争效率损失的可能。对赣榆区研究发现,不同主体功能区农用地转为建设用地数量存在过量配置,具有帕累托改进空间,其根源在于现行土地计划管理缺乏弹性机制调节指标,造成实际落地中的空间错配。因此,赣榆区应从全区统筹主体功能定位,协调国土空间发展格局,其中优化开发区“革新土地空间结构,转变经济与产业发展方式”、重点开发区“助力城镇工业化进程,确保土地资源利用效益”、限制开发区“着力粮经产品安全,创新农业生产用地经营模式”、禁止开发区“划定生态空间红线,探索农旅生态用地结构布局”。