Optimization Research of Urban Space Configuration Based on Space Syntax

Abstract

In this paper, a new method based on the space syntax is presented to optimize the urban space configuration. Space syntax theory is used to detect systematically whether one urban space configuration is optimal or not from four aspects including traffic space, cognition space, land use space and culture space. After introducing the computational and cognitive aspects of space syntax for the research of urban space, a framework of urban space optimization based on space syntax is proposed, then the integration with GIS and the extension to third dimension are discussed. Finally, a case study for Kanmen town of Zhejiang province of P.R.China is illustrated by using Axwoman tool.     

Eliding Extraction,Embracing Novelty: The Spatio-Temporal Configuration of Natural History

Natural history museums present fertile ground for considering material configurations of “nature” and “history.” This essay analyzes the Natural History Museum of Utah at Rio Tinto Center (NHMU) to explore how spatio-temporal configurations of nature and history may paradoxically elide the deep time of natural history. Primarily considering its naming and its spatial placement rather than the impressive collections it houses, I identify spatio-temporal distortions related to three elements of the NHMU: its naming after a multinational mining company, its architectural attempt to represent iconic landforms, and its imposition on a heretofore-undeveloped parcel of land. Taking these distortions in sum, I argue that the museum, which is meant by its architects to be in harmony with the land, elides rather than harmonizes with the land that produced its collections by replacing ancientness with novelty and by conjoining extraction and education. This elision, performed by a building purported to embody the full depth of time, may flatten the deep time of the geologic past, thereby abetting the concealment of the ever-expanding extraction.     

地理空间信息技术在我区资源环境管理中的应用

针对地理空间信息资源的特点和内蒙古实际情况，研究提出促进我区地理空间信息资源开发利用的思路和政策措施。     

Influence of "Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing" on Chengde Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction

Chengde City, famous for its cultural sightseeing tourism industry, and is located in China's "Capital Holiday Tourism Circle". This location is advantageous, because of the recent boom in China's national tourism industry. This industry has gone through several structural and development changes with in the past several years. A result of these restructuring patterns is the great changes concerning competitive and cooperative relations among tourism destinations, which have precipitated the decline of the traditional sightseeing pattern.Northern China's "Capital Holiday Tourism Circle" is one of nine key areas within the Chinese tourism industry under development during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. In the present article the method of "Distance Decline of The Tourist Flow" was used to define the flow of tourists in the Capital Holiday Tourism Circle and its influence upon Chengde's tourism spatial distribution. 3 aspects will be discussed: (1) The transformation from sightseeing to leisure markets makes the change possible in Chengde's tourism spatial pattern. (2) The location advantage (adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin) also leads to the change in Chengde tourism spatial pattern. (3) The establishment of freeways also contributes to a great degrees of change.The rapid development of leisure tourism might lead to the change from nucleus model to a diversified one within Chengde's tourism. Specifically, Chengde is developing the tourism industry with the central heritage area as the nucleus and the northern forest,pasture,southern mountain, and rivers as its periphery.     

基于空间信息技术的巫山县土地利用时空变化分析

巫山县位于三峡库区腹心，又地处山区，县境虽然辽阔，但山多坝少，且农业人口比例很高，因此土地资源十分有限。近十几年来，三峡工程的兴建，导致移民搬迁、城镇迁建及伴随工程的基础设施的建设占用大量优质土地。迫于生计，部分农民不得不毁林开荒造田，坡耕在因此而增多，继而造成水土流失加剧，土壤日趋贫瘠，最终导致该县土地利用类型、数量、方式发生了急剧的变化。以空间信息技术为研究手段和技术支持，首先从理论角度探讨山区土地利用时空变化的研究方法；然后以典型山区县城－－巫山县为例，以该县1986－2000年的TM图像数据为主要研究基础，采用地理信息系统软件和计算机技术相结合的方式分析了这个山区县城15年土地利用变化的特点和规律，并结合当地的各种自然、人文和社会环境等驱动因子，进一步详细分析了各种主要土地利用类型的具体原因。旨在为当地政府或管理部门提供土地资源合理开发、利用和正确管理的理论依据和科学方法，同时也为山区土地利用时空变化研究提供方法借鉴。     

风速及风向对城市热岛强度的影响研究

为研究气象参数风对城市热岛效应影响,利用2008—2013年长沙气象局提供的相关气象数据,采用统计方法,首次研究了风速和风向对热岛强度分布规律的影响。结果表明:长沙热岛效应主要发生在晚间;热岛强度值随风速的增大而降低;处于顺风方向上的南北方向,两者热岛强度的差值随风速的增大而逐渐减少;处于与风向垂直方向上的东西方向,两者热岛强度的差值不受风速大小的影响。气象参数风对城市热岛强度和空间分布影响显著。     

汉江中下游流域降水时空规律分析及干旱预测

近年来汉江中下游流域连续发生干旱,随着越来越多跨流域调水工程的实施,势必加剧该流域的旱情。所以,研究汉江中下游流域降水序列及干旱预测显得尤为重要。应用汉江中下游12个站点50年(1963—2012年)降水资料,通过克里金插值法和一元线性回归方程分析其降水的空间分布及时间变化规律。选取1963—2006年的数据建立灾变预测模型GM(1,1),预测该区域未来一定时期内可能发生干旱的年份。经过多种检验,模型精度较高,预测结果也基本与实际相符。     

分子流态下翅片管式热沉传输几率计算分析

目的研究空间环境模拟器翅片管式热沉传输特性,为进一步开展真空等效性分析等研究工作奠定基础。方法根据热沉结构特点建立镜面反射气体输运通道模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法,对该模型的传输几率进行分析计算,并建立验证模型,对计算结果进行验证。结果对于所选择的翅片管式热沉,其平面阵列的传输几率为0.030 116 4,柱面阵列的传输几率为0.017 988 6。结论蒙特卡罗方法可以用于计算一定结构的翅片管式热沉的传输几率。通过传输几率的计算,可以将热沉等效为具有相应传输几率的可透射平面,从而在保证模拟精度的同时大大简化模拟计算强度,提高计算效率。