An integrated approach to evaluation on ecological service functions for urban green space and its application

This methodological investigation deals with measurement and valuing of ecological service functions for urban green space. Social, economic and ecological dimensions for such types of function are analyzed and a concept " integrated ecological service functions"(IESF) is put forward for evaluation. Based upon this conceptual approach, an index system for measuring IESF for urban green space is established. With a methodological integration of fuzzy mathematics, decision-making analysis and Delphi method, an AHP fuzzy evaluation techniques for IESF for urban green space,called AFIFUG method, is developed. Such a method has beendirectly applied to the land use strategic planning of Tianjin out-ring green belt(TOGB), and its analysis results have been successfully put into operation.     

An integrated approach to evaluation on ecological service functions for urban green space and its application

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基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态保护修复关键区域诊断与识别——以烟台市为例

山水林田湖草系统生态保护修复是维护国家生态安全的重要保障。当前国土空间生态保护修复研究缺乏从生态系统的完整性和结构连通性角度对国土空间生态保护修复关键区域进行诊断和识别。烟台市作为我国典型滨海城市,湿地退化,生境类型单一造成景观稳定性差,国土空间生态保护修复刻不容缓。为全面识别烟台市国土空间生态保护修复关键区域,利用生境质量模型、生境风险评估模型、粒度反推法、最小累积阻力模型和电路理论,通过构建区域生态安全格局,诊断生态“夹点”、生态障碍点、生态断裂点等,识别和确定研究区域的国土空间生态保护修复关键区域。研究发现：（1）烟台市生态源地共计668.85 km²,主要为林地、水域,源间廊道共计1548.36 km,呈现“两横两纵”的空间特征;（2）基于生态安全格局识别烟台生态保护修复关键区域,包括13处生态“夹点”区域、8处生态障碍点区域、39处生态断裂点区域、破碎生态空间1308.66 km²;（3）结合各类生态保护修复关键区域的空间分布特征、土地利用现状,分别提出修复提升方向。研究可为国土空间生态保护修复关键区域识别、生态系统整体修复提升提供科学指导。     

2004年春夏季河北海域叶绿素a分布和初级生产力估算

2004年春季5月和夏季8月进行的河北海洋资源调查研究表明:全海域春季5月表层叶绿素a介于0.34～11,39mg/m3,平均值为3.72 mg/m3,底层叶绿素a介于0.87～7.85 mg/m3,平均值为3.03 mg/m3;夏季8月表层叶绿素a介于1.1～18.3 mg/m3,平均值为4.52 mg/m3,底层叶绿素a介于0.4～7.8 mg/m3,平均值为3.95 mg/m3.初级生产力(以C计)春季5月介于112.26～1323.68 mg/m2·d,平均值为504.79 mg/m2·d,夏季8月介于83.92～4265.73 mg/m2·d,平均值为774.96 mg/m2·d.总体趋势是南部海区(沧州海区)叶绿素a含量高于北部海区(秦皇岛、唐山海区)叶绿素a含量,秦皇岛海区初级生产力估算值最高,唐山海区最低.     

斜拉桥动力特性的有限单元分析

斜拉桥动力特性在工程设计中是要重点考虑的内容，本文基于有限单元法理论，确定了斜拉桥合乎构造的空间计算模型，建立了其三维空间自振方法，并对其动力特性进行了求解和分析。通过算例，验证了该分析方法的正确性。     

热水沉积作用与成矿效应

热水活动在岩石圈中是一种非常重要的地质和成矿作用，热水作用的动力学类型主要有深部岩浆作用、碰撞挤压作用和沉积物自生高压脱水作用。根据热水成矿的特点，在传统的三种成矿作用分类范围之外列出热水成矿作用，并进行了次级分类。我国南方主要发育有四期热水沉积作用．其特征是：在演化方式上从震旦纪到二叠纪有从沉积作用向交代和充填作用演化的趋势，在元素组成上有从稳定元素向活泼元素演化的趋势。在时空分有模式上，热水沉积矿床主要发育于张性构造背景中裂陷盆地充填层序碳酸盐岩向细碎屑岩的过渡部位．这个过渡时期正是盆地演化到深部与表层物质和能量强烈交换的时期，也是盆地海平面最高、陆源物最少的时期，同时由于盆地沉积基底碳酸盐岩的较早因此共产生裂隙和层间空隙，有利于形成热水集中供给的通道。     

黄土丘陵区土壤水分空间分布差异性探讨

在对黄土丘陵区典型区域多点土壤水分调查数据的分析的基础上,系统总结了研究区土壤水分分布的区域性和地块性差异特征及其发生分异的主要因子。文章认为,降水格局是土壤水分具有南、北向逐渐增加的区域分布特征的主导因子。热量、地貌、植被等的不同组合使得土壤水分发生地块尺度的分异。地域尺度土壤水分表现为南部好于中部,中部好于北部。在地块尺度内,则由于地貌、植被、土地类型等因素,土壤水分一般表现为:坡下部>坡中部>坡上部;阴坡>半阴-半阳坡>阳坡;隔坡梯田好于梯田;植被不同会造成土壤水分利用型差异。由于影响土壤水分的因素之间存在复杂的关系,其分布的差异性随季节、土壤层深度等不同而在表现程度上具有差异性。这一研究对黄土丘陵区植被恢复中合理利用土壤水资源具有十分重要意义。     

佛山市区大气降水pH值的时空分布及酸雨成因

根据大气降水监测资料，分析了佛山市区大气降水pH值的时间变化规律和空间分布特征，探讨了佛山市区酸雨的主要形成原因和影响因素，在此基础之上，提出了防治酸雨污染的对策。     

浅论语境在言语交际中的作用

语境是言语交际中生成、实现并制约言语行为的相关因素的总和．本文通过分析语境诸因素中两大重要因素即交际对象、时空因素对于言语交际活动的影响，阐明言语交际过程中注重语境的重要性．     

Analyzing Variability and the Rate of Decline of Migratory Shorebirds in Moreton Bay,Australia

Abstract: Estimating the abundance of migratory species is difficult because sources of variability differ substantially among species and populations. Recently developed state‐space models address this variability issue by directly modeling both environmental and measurement error, although their efficacy in detecting declines is relatively untested for empirical data. We applied state‐space modeling, generalized least squares (with autoregression error structure), and standard linear regression to data on abundance of wetland birds (shorebirds and terns) at Moreton Bay in southeast Queensland, Australia. There are internationally significant numbers of 8 species of waterbirds in the bay, and it is a major terminus of the large East Asian‐Australasian Flyway. In our analyses, we considered 22 migrant and 8 resident species. State‐space models identified abundances of 7 species of migrants as significantly declining and abundance of one species as significantly increasing. Declines in migrant abundance over 15 years were 43–79%. Generalized least squares with an autoregressive error structure showed abundance changes in 11 species, and standard linear regression showed abundance changes in 15 species. The higher power of the regression models meant they detected more declines, but they also were associated with a higher rate of false detections. If the declines in Moreton Bay are consistent with trends from other sites across the flyway as a whole, then a large number of species are in significant decline.