热水沉积作用与成矿效应

热水活动在岩石圈中是一种非常重要的地质和成矿作用，热水作用的动力学类型主要有深部岩浆作用、碰撞挤压作用和沉积物自生高压脱水作用。根据热水成矿的特点，在传统的三种成矿作用分类范围之外列出热水成矿作用，并进行了次级分类。我国南方主要发育有四期热水沉积作用．其特征是：在演化方式上从震旦纪到二叠纪有从沉积作用向交代和充填作用演化的趋势，在元素组成上有从稳定元素向活泼元素演化的趋势。在时空分有模式上，热水沉积矿床主要发育于张性构造背景中裂陷盆地充填层序碳酸盐岩向细碎屑岩的过渡部位．这个过渡时期正是盆地演化到深部与表层物质和能量强烈交换的时期，也是盆地海平面最高、陆源物最少的时期，同时由于盆地沉积基底碳酸盐岩的较早因此共产生裂隙和层间空隙，有利于形成热水集中供给的通道。     

黄土丘陵区土壤水分空间分布差异性探讨

在对黄土丘陵区典型区域多点土壤水分调查数据的分析的基础上,系统总结了研究区土壤水分分布的区域性和地块性差异特征及其发生分异的主要因子。文章认为,降水格局是土壤水分具有南、北向逐渐增加的区域分布特征的主导因子。热量、地貌、植被等的不同组合使得土壤水分发生地块尺度的分异。地域尺度土壤水分表现为南部好于中部,中部好于北部。在地块尺度内,则由于地貌、植被、土地类型等因素,土壤水分一般表现为:坡下部>坡中部>坡上部;阴坡>半阴-半阳坡>阳坡;隔坡梯田好于梯田;植被不同会造成土壤水分利用型差异。由于影响土壤水分的因素之间存在复杂的关系,其分布的差异性随季节、土壤层深度等不同而在表现程度上具有差异性。这一研究对黄土丘陵区植被恢复中合理利用土壤水资源具有十分重要意义。     

佛山市区大气降水pH值的时空分布及酸雨成因

根据大气降水监测资料，分析了佛山市区大气降水pH值的时间变化规律和空间分布特征，探讨了佛山市区酸雨的主要形成原因和影响因素，在此基础之上，提出了防治酸雨污染的对策。     

浅论语境在言语交际中的作用

语境是言语交际中生成、实现并制约言语行为的相关因素的总和．本文通过分析语境诸因素中两大重要因素即交际对象、时空因素对于言语交际活动的影响，阐明言语交际过程中注重语境的重要性．     

Analyzing Variability and the Rate of Decline of Migratory Shorebirds in Moreton Bay,Australia

Abstract: Estimating the abundance of migratory species is difficult because sources of variability differ substantially among species and populations. Recently developed state‐space models address this variability issue by directly modeling both environmental and measurement error, although their efficacy in detecting declines is relatively untested for empirical data. We applied state‐space modeling, generalized least squares (with autoregression error structure), and standard linear regression to data on abundance of wetland birds (shorebirds and terns) at Moreton Bay in southeast Queensland, Australia. There are internationally significant numbers of 8 species of waterbirds in the bay, and it is a major terminus of the large East Asian‐Australasian Flyway. In our analyses, we considered 22 migrant and 8 resident species. State‐space models identified abundances of 7 species of migrants as significantly declining and abundance of one species as significantly increasing. Declines in migrant abundance over 15 years were 43–79%. Generalized least squares with an autoregressive error structure showed abundance changes in 11 species, and standard linear regression showed abundance changes in 15 species. The higher power of the regression models meant they detected more declines, but they also were associated with a higher rate of false detections. If the declines in Moreton Bay are consistent with trends from other sites across the flyway as a whole, then a large number of species are in significant decline.     

空间军事系统研讨厅中德尔菲法与集成模型

对空间军事系统综合集成研讨厅体系中专家意见集成的方法进行研究.在德尔菲法基础上,建立了一种优化搜索机制.以专家一次性给出的原始意见为基础,构建专家意见集成的优化搜索模型,利用计算机的信息处理能力求解,获得既满足一致性要求,又具有一定可信度指标的结论.     

受限空间工业气体爆炸研究进展

分别从实验和理论研究两个方面对受限空间工业气体爆炸的国内外研究现状和研究成果进行了总结,实验研究包括单个容器和容器管道系统气体爆炸,理论研究主要集中于气体爆炸理论模型的建立与修正和数值模拟两个方面。分析了现有研究工作的不足,提出了该领域今后的研究发展方向。     

3D geometric structures and biological activity: Application to microbial soil organic matter decomposition in pore space

During the past 10 years, soil scientists have started to use 3D Computed Tomography in order to gain a clearer understanding of the geometry of soil structure and its relationships with soil properties. We propose a geometric model for the 3D representation of pore space and a practical method for its computation. Our basic idea consists in representing pore space using a minimal set of maximal balls (Delaunay spheres) recovering the shape skeleton. In this representation, each ball could be considered as a maximal local cavity corresponding to the “intuitive” notion of a pore as described in the literature. The space segmentation induced by the network of balls (pores) was then used to spatialize biological dynamics. Organic matter and microbial decomposers were distributed within the balls (pores). A valuated graph representing the pore network, organic matter and distribution of micro-organisms was then defined. Microbial soil organic matter decomposition was simulated by updating this valuated graph. The method was implemented and tested using real CT images. The model produced realistic simulated results when compared with data in the literature in terms of the water retention curve and carbon mineralization. A decrease in water pressure decreased carbon mineralization, which is also in accordance with findings in the literature. From our results we showed that the influence of water pressure on decomposition is a function of organic matter distribution in the pore space. As far as we know, this is the approach to have linked pore space geometry and biological dynamics in a formal way. Our next goal will be to compare the model with experimental data of decomposition using different soil structures, and to define geometric typologies of pore space shape that can be attached to specific biological and dynamic properties.     

网络分析法在城市绿网优化中的应用

2005-2020年天津总规之绿地系统规划(总规绿网),由于缺乏绿网优化配置,其生态效益仍将不尽如人意。为此,采用图论和网络分析法(ANP),构建、评价了4个具有不同连接度和生态水平的绿网方案。ANP模型计算结果表明,绿网4最大化地利用现状和潜在廊道、连接各斑块,效益排序最优,成本次优,综合效益最高,且敏感度分析证明当效益与成本比大于0.25时,首位排序稳定。协调土地利用与交通等相关规划要素,给出基于网络4的绿地系统规划方案,为总规绿网优化提供依据。ANP适用于多目标、多因子、多方案决策,可解决以往网络指数与景观指数分离问题,实现不同顶点位置的网络评价,是绿网优化的有力工具。     

可持续发展多目标综合评价方法的研究

针对目前可持续发展评价模型存在的不足,在详细分析可持续发展系统多维空间等概念的基础上,提出了一种新的可持续发展评价方法——多目标综合评价方法,给出了可持续发展多目标综合水平计算公式,并将该方法应用于深圳市可持续发展评价,结果证明,该方法具有一定的理论价值和实践可操作性.