城镇化过程中地下水微生物的时空分异与演化——以珠海为例

运用不依赖培养的分子生物学技术,选择珠海市唐家湾居民密集地与人类活动扰动较少的中山大学珠海校区共二样区进行多采样点分析,构建16S rRNA基因文库进行序列比对,获得微生物的群落分布数据。数据显示,校区小流域地下水微生物群落基本保持原生态,其上、中、下游三组井均以变形菌、Candidate division OPx、古菌(含泉古菌和广生古菌)为优势类群,其中中游#M组井因环境不同微生物稍有差异。人类活动影响显著的唐家社区其微生物群落结构变异较大,未发现属于微生物鼻祖的古菌,也未检测到Candidate division OPx系列,而检测出许多与周围环境相吻合的微生物群落。二样区地下水微生物16S rRNA基因演化分析表明,城镇化进程中环境变化影响地下水微生物种群发育,地下水微生物也不断演化并影响环境。     

基于演化博弈的危化品安全监管情景推演研究

针对危化品安全生产监管问题,基于演化博弈理论构建危化品安全监管演化博弈模型,并将危化品事故发生率引入模型,对比分析危化品企业与地方政府监管部门行为策略的演化稳定均衡。在此基础上进行情景推演模拟仿真,研究表明:危化品事故发生率,对危化品企业和地方政府监管部门的策略选择有显著影响,当危化品事故发生概率低于某一临界值时,危化品企业和监管部门都会疏忽安全投入和监管;地方政府承受危化品事故经济损失和信誉损失增大时,危化品安全监管系统演化呈现出周期性波动;引入上级政府惩罚机制情景下,当上级政府惩罚力度高于危化品企业未投入安全生产受到的处罚和地方政府安全监管成本时,其最终都选择安全投入和严格监管策略。研究结论为政府监管危化品安全生产提供新的思路和对策建议。     

山西云凝结核时空分布特征观测

选取2011年1~12月山西太原云凝结核(CCN)观测数据,对CCN的季节、月、日变化特征进行了分析,并与国内外同类研究进行了对比.结果发现,冬季CCN数浓度最高,春秋季次之,夏季CCN数浓度最低.CCN数浓度的最高值出现在1月,最低值出现在6月.夏季较多的降水天气对CCN的湿清除作用明显,冬季供暖期间(11~12月及1~3月),CCN数浓度明显增大.CCN数浓度日变化一般呈现两个峰值,分别出现在07:00~11:00和17:00~20:00.利用公式N=CSk拟合了不同季节地面CCN核谱,得到春夏秋冬四季对应的拟合参数C值分别为10983、2454、7614、16421,k值均小于1,为典型的大陆型核谱.通过2013年夏季在山西中部地区开展的CCN飞机观测,研究了CCN数浓度的垂直廓线.CCN数浓度在近地面最大,随高度逐渐降低.在0.3%和0.4%过饱和度下,2000m以下CCN数浓度平均量级均为103cm-3, 3000m以上CCN数浓度平均量级降低至102cm-3.     

湖南省臭氧污染基本特征分析及长期趋势变化主控因素识别

近些年来湖南省臭氧(O3)污染程度呈现持续恶化态势,针对该区域O3污染相关研究较为缺乏的现状,基于观测数据对2015～2020年期间湖南省14个地级市O3污染浓度的时空演化特征进行了分析,并利用广义相加模型(GAM)对O3污染长期趋势变化的主控因素进行了识别(气象校正).结果表明,时间上,湖南省区域O3具有明显的日际、...     

煤矿安全管理能力理论框架研究

运用文献分析和综合归纳等研究方法,对煤矿安全管理能力进行研究。通过研究得出:煤矿安全管理能力本质是一种累积专有知识的集合,是煤矿对由安全生产体系进行协调控制的过程中,诸要素相互作用形成的蕴含在煤矿内部的一种企业管理能力。具备知识属性的"人、设备、环境、制度"成为煤矿安全管理能力的构成要素,而"人的不安全行为"、"设备不安全状态"、"环境不安全条件"和"制度不安全条件"对构成要素产生不良影响,成为煤矿安全管理能力的影响因素。煤矿安全管理能力的构成要素与影响因素之间存在一种此消彼长的互动关系——构成要素越强则影响因素越弱,导致煤矿安全事故发生概率越低;构成要素越弱则影响因素越强,导致煤矿安全事故发生概率越高。     

近50年来江汉湖群水域演化定量研究

根据江汉平原湖区发育背景、资源环境结构和社会经济功能等方面因素,将研究区界定为湖北省境内以江汉平原为依托、海拔50 m等高线以内的所有地区。其范围在东经 111°36′38.76″~116°7′52.14″、北纬29°25′59.25″~31°27′14.45″之间,按自然界线计算面积4.664万km2,按行政区统计面积为6.475万km2。运用RS/GIS技术,分析得知：近50年来,江汉湖群湖泊总数量和总面积均表现出总体下降、中间年份有波动的趋势,20世纪50年代、60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代和21世纪初(2000年),0.1 km2以上的湖泊总数量分别是1 309、611、612、838、768、771个,0.1 km2以上的湖泊总面积分别是8 503.7、5 462.5、2 933.8、2 977.3、3 451.4、3 188.1 km2。围湖垦殖是近50多年来江汉湖群演化的主要原因和主导因子。     

Effect of flame propagation regime on pressure evolution of nano and micron PMMA dust explosions

Experiments using an open space dust explosion apparatus and a standard 20 L explosion apparatus on nano and micron polymethyl methacrylate dust explosions were conducted to reveal the differences in flame and pressure evolutions. Then the effect of combustion and flame propagation regimes on the explosion overpressure characteristics was discussed. The results showed that the flame propagation behavior, flame temperature distribution and ion current distribution all demonstrated the different flame structures for nano and micron dust explosions. The combustion and flame propagation of 100 nm and 30 μm PMMA dust clouds were mainly controlled by the heat transfer efficiency between the particles and external heat sources. Compared with the cluster diffusion dominant combustion of 30 μm dust flame, the premixed-gas dominant combustion of 100 nm dust flame determined a quicker pyrolysis and combustion reaction rate, a faster flame propagation velocity, a stronger combustion reaction intensity, a quicker heat release rate and a higher amount of released reaction heat, which resulted in an earlier pressure rise, a larger maximum overpressure and a higher explosion hazard class. The complex combustion and propagation regime of agglomerated particles strongly influenced the nano flame propagation and explosion pressure evolution characteristics, and limited the maximum overpressure.     

On the application of the window of opportunity and complex network to risk analysis of process plants operations during a pandemic

To quantify the pandemic specific impact with respect to the risk related to the chemical industry, a novel risk analysis method is proposed. The method includes three parts. Firstly, the two types of “window of opportunity” (WO) theory is proposed to divide an accident life cycle into two parts. Then, a qualitative risk analysis is conducted based on WO theory to determine possible risk factors, evolution paths and consequences. The third part is a quantitative risk analysis based on a complex network model, integrating two types of WO. The Fuzzy set theory is introduced to calculate the failure probabilities of risk factors and the concept of risk entropy is used to represent the uncertainty. Then the Dijkstra algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path and the corresponding probability of the accident. The proposed method is applied to the SCR denitrition liquid ammonia storage and transportation system. The results show that it is a comprehensive method of quantitative risk analysis and it is applicable to risk analysis during the pandemic.     

Study on the damage statistical strength criterion of backfill with crack under thermo-mechanical coupling

ABSTRACT

Aiming at backfill with crack under the thermo-mechanical (TM) coupling, the concepts of crack macro-damage, loading meso-damage, thermal meso-damage, and total damage of backfill were proposed. Based on the statistical damage theory, considering the coupling effects of temperature, load and initial crack, a damage evolution model of backfill with crack under TM coupling effects was established. Based on this, the strength criterion of backfill with crack considering the effects of thermal and mechanical coupling was constructed by multivariate function full differential method. The research shows that: (1) The theoretical curves of damage evolution model and strength criterion of backfill with crack under TM coupling are in good agreement with the test curves, which verifies the rationality of the model. (2) The initial thermal damage decreases first and then increases with increasing temperature, reaches a minimum value at 40°C, and generally shows a “V” -shaped distribution law. The coupling effect of temperature and crack aggravates the total damage of the backfill. (3) The strength criterion can reflect the relationship between the stress and strain of each limit state and the parameters of backfill with crack under different temperature conditions and can provide a certain reference for the evaluation of the stability of backfill with geological defects such as joints and crack in deep high temperature mines.     

滆湖藻密度的时空分布及驱动因子分析

在2年内分季度调查滆湖浮游植物种群和水环境因子,分析藻密度的空间分布状况以及按时间序列的藻密度变化和浮游植物优势种群变化,分别采用"多元线性逐步回归法"和"偏相关系数法"进行藻密度驱动因子识别。结果表明,滆湖藻密度空间分布趋势为由北向南逐渐升高,年际间季节差异极显著。浮游植物的演替规律为冬、春季节以绿藻和硅藻为主,夏、秋季节蓝藻占绝对优势。通过比较2种统计方法的计算结果,确定全湖及中、南部湖区藻密度的驱动因子是温度和高锰酸盐指数,北部湖区藻密度的驱动因子是温度和硝酸盐氮,所有驱动因子对滆湖藻密度的影响均为正效应。在富营养化严重的滆湖,N,P营养盐已经不再是浮游植物生长的主要驱动因子,从统计方法的角度解释了部分环境因子没有入选为驱动因子的原因,并推断了其他可能的驱动因子。