塔里木盆地哈得逊油田油气成藏机理

哈得逊地区是塔里木盆地近期黑油勘探的重点地区 ,石炭系中泥岩段和东河砂岩段是勘探的两个主要目的层 ,两个层系目前均获得高产油流。笔者从烃源岩分析、构造演化、油气的运移聚集几个方面对哈得逊油田的成藏规律进行研究 ,认为石岩系中泥岩段和东河砂岩原油均来自中上奥陶统烃源岩 ,并且由于塔北的构造反转作用使得哈得逊地区原油与塔北地区具同源性质。哈得逊地区石炭系以发育低幅度背斜及受东河砂岩尖灭线控制的复合圈闭为基本特征 ,具面积大、幅度小的特点。这是在没有断层的条件下 ,不整合面作为长距离运移通道的一个典型地区 ,其中区域构造反转对后期油气的运移和聚集起着决定作用     

南安第斯中生代构造演化

南安第斯中生代构造演化化以形成哈迪(Hardy}弧—洛卡斯维尔德斯(Rocas Verdes)盆体系为主要特征。当地出露的陶比发拉(Tobifera)组、陶凸哈(Tortuga)蛇绿杂岩、亚汗(Yahgan)组和哈迪组分别代表了残余陆缘弧、T型大洋中脊、弧后盆地和岛弧上发育的岩石组合。弧—盆演化过程中,地幔物质底辟上隆造成早期陆缘弧一分为二,其一西移,形成以之为根的新生火山岛弧;另一部分保存于大陆内部,成为形成于分裂陆缘弧内部的弧后盆地火成碎屑的主要源区。盆地形成中期,裂陷深度大,内部出现洋中脊,基性火成岩沿该洋中脊侵位喷发。     

粤中长坑金银矿床的碳、氧、氢同位素研究

长坑金银矿床方解石的δ13C值为-3．23‰，方解石和石英的δ18O分别为8．64‰～18．61‰和9．60‰～13．0‰，其范围与其它卡林型金矿相似。结合大本（Ohmoto）模式的理论分析，认为成矿热液的总联同位素组成可大致取为-2‰～－17‰，即碳主要来自地层中的沉积碳酸盐，部分来自有机碳。推导出水岩交换过程中流体氢、氧同位素演化的一般性协变方程并进行了理论模拟，认为成矿流体以燕山晚期一第三纪的加热大气降水或建造水为主。     

热水沉积作用与成矿效应

热水活动在岩石圈中是一种非常重要的地质和成矿作用，热水作用的动力学类型主要有深部岩浆作用、碰撞挤压作用和沉积物自生高压脱水作用。根据热水成矿的特点，在传统的三种成矿作用分类范围之外列出热水成矿作用，并进行了次级分类。我国南方主要发育有四期热水沉积作用．其特征是：在演化方式上从震旦纪到二叠纪有从沉积作用向交代和充填作用演化的趋势，在元素组成上有从稳定元素向活泼元素演化的趋势。在时空分有模式上，热水沉积矿床主要发育于张性构造背景中裂陷盆地充填层序碳酸盐岩向细碎屑岩的过渡部位．这个过渡时期正是盆地演化到深部与表层物质和能量强烈交换的时期，也是盆地海平面最高、陆源物最少的时期，同时由于盆地沉积基底碳酸盐岩的较早因此共产生裂隙和层间空隙，有利于形成热水集中供给的通道。     

Assessment of soil salinisation in the Ejina Oasis located in the lower reaches of Heihe River,Northwestern China

Recognition of the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of soil salinity has become an important basis for the formulation of strategies required in the utilisation and sustainable development of soil resources in arid and semi-arid area. In this paper, based on vegetation cover dataset during 1998–2015 in Ejina region combined with the collected soil salinity data, geostatistical methods were used to explore the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of soil salinity and its impact on vegetation in the study area. The results showed significant differences in soil salinisation characteristics with a large variability in the soil salinity among the different soil depths, with a variation coefficient ranging from about 0.97–1.47. Soils are represented by a continuous variation, both in space and time. Soil salinity showed an obvious spatial autocorrelation, with a plaque type distribution. The areas of the salinised soil found for the years 2003, 2011 and 2015 were approximately 18,565, 23,206 and 17,721?km², respectively. From the relationships deduced between the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil moisture and salt content in different soil depths, the present study ascertains that the soil moisture content is the most important limiting factor of vegetation growth in Ejina Oasis.     

Chemical defense of a primitive Australian bombardier beetle (Carabidae):Mystropomus regularis

Summary The Australian bombardier beetle,Mystropomus regularis, sprays a mixture of quinones (1,4-benzoquinone, 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone) and hydrocarbons (principallyn-pentadecane). The defensive fluid ist generated explosively in two-chambered glands, and is ejected audibly and hot (maximal recorded temperature = 59°C).Mystropomus is a member of the paussoid lineage of bombardiers. In common with other members of the group, it has a pair of elytral flanges (flanges of Coanda), associated with the gland openings, that serve as launching guides for anteriorly-aimed ejections of spray. It is argued thatMystropomus may be the least derived of flanged paussoids, and the closest living relative of the most primitive of extant bombardiers (Metriini).Paper no. 101 of the series Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods; no. 100 is Attygalleet al. J Chem Ecol 17: 805 (1991)     

Sperm traits of the quacking frog, Crinia georgiana: intra- and interpopulation variation in a species with a high risk of sperm competition

Sperm traits often show extreme variation both between and within species. Between-species variation may often be interpreted in the context of a sperm competition theory, but within-species variation has remained unexplained. Previous studies on intraspecific variation in sperm traits have focused on a limited set of variables and may have failed to explain observed variation because of potential trade-offs between different sperm traits. We report on variation in number, size, motility and longevity of sperm in the frog Crinia georgiana, a species where sperm competition is common. We found intrapopulation variation in sperm size and motility and interpopulation variation in relative sperm number and size. When we combined relative sperm number and size into one variable, and motility and longevity into another, we found significant interpopulation variation in these variables as well. We also detected considerable intra- and significant interpopulation variation in cumulative sperm quality, a combination of all four sperm traits. Furthermore, a significant effect of the interaction between population origin and male size on sperm characteristics indicated interpopulation variation in the strength of selection acting on sperm traits of males adopting different mating strategies. We discuss heterogeneity in the reproductive environment, a complex genetic background in the determination of sperm characteristics and varying levels of developmental noise as potential contributors to the observed variation in sperm traits.     

东南大陆早古生代古地理轮廓

由早中元古代中深变质岩系组成的华南加里东海盆基底及东海、南海古陆。元古代晚期,海盆在拉张环境下继续沉降,于震旦、寒武、奥陶纪期间,沉积了厚近两万米的地槽型火山-砂泥质建造,陆源碎屑主要来自东海、南海古陆,直到中生代晚期古陆才裂陷成海,始成今日的海陆分布格局。     

乌鲁木齐都市圈空间变化及其发展模式研究

以乌鲁木齐都市圈为例，基于1989-2002年的LandsatTM/ETM＋卫星影像和多期城市用地信息，运用GIS空间分析功能研究了都市圈宏观与微观层次的空间变化，得出以下结论：①1989-2002年间研究区内面积增加的用地主要有农业用地、城镇用地、农村居民点与道路，增加的部分主要来源于裸地、天然植被和原有农业用地。农业用地、城镇、农村居民点和道路向北部冲积平原扩张的趋势明显，建设用地的迅速扩张在一定程度上加剧了干旱区景观的破碎化。②1998-2006年间，都市圈内各城市用地面积总体上增幅不大，但是每个城市在某些局部方位用地增幅显著，并且有向核心城市趋近的现象。核心城市乌鲁木齐主要功能用地具有一定的圈层分布特征，周边中小城市还未形成圈层结构，但是昌吉和米泉在城市外围已有较为成型的工业集中区。③都市圈在空间发展中存在核心城市拓展受限、脆弱的生态格局受到胁迫和用地不合理布局的问题，针对这些问题提出区域发展“一体化”、城镇格局“大聚小散”和职能空间“重组化”的构想。     

沉积盆地地下水无机氮来源示踪及其演化模式

以我国沉积型盆地三江平原的典型农业区抚远地区为例，采用水化学法和GIS技术分析区域水化学成因作用及无机氮素的污染特征，利用氮氧双稳定同位素分布特征及稳定同位素解析模型（SIAR）确定氮素来源及各污染源贡献比，基于对影响氮素浓度变化的多项因素的认识，建立区域氮素的水化学演化模式.结果表明：研究区地下水中氨氮超标率为56.52%，毫克当量百分数平均值占无机氮总量的55.50%，是地下水无机氮素中污染影响程度最大的指标；土壤有机氮、厩肥污水和氨态化肥是径流补给区氮素的主要污染来源，各污染端元贡献比由大到小依次为40.49%、30.24%和29.27%.地下水补给区是氨氮污染最重的区域，排泄区是硝酸盐氮污染相对严重的区域，氧化还原条件是影响氮素浓度的关键因素；在氮素的时空演化过程中，除二级阶地仍保持天然水化学状态外，一级阶地和漫滩区的氮素浓度均有不同程度的升高.