云南近百年来温度雨量的变化特征分析

用气候倾向率、Morlet小波方法,对云南10个站1901-2007年的年降水和平均温度资料分析表明:100年来云南平均增温速率为0.031℃/10a。近50年来全省平均增温速率为0.242℃/10a,略高于全国的增温,增温最大的是滇中的昆明、滇南的普洱,分别为0.442℃/10a和0.409℃/10a,并且西部明显高于东部。100年来云南年降水呈减少趋势,平均速率为7.288mm/10a,近50年来,年降水量减少平均速率为6.66mm/10a。但云南降水的区域分异非常明显,云南的东部、中部降水减少;而滇西北和滇东南地区降水增加。云南气温明显的年代际变化是32年,发生了3次突变。年降水呈明显的年代际及年际振荡,具有16～32年、4～8年周期。     

Characterizing ionic species in PM2:5 and PM10 in four Pearl River Delta cities, South China

PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples were collected at four major cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),South China,during winter and summer in 2002.Six water-soluble ions,Na~ ,NH_4~ ,K~ ,Cl~-,NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-)were measured using ion chromatography.On average,ionic species accounted for 53.3% and 40.5% for PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),respectively in winter and 39.4% and 35.2%,respectively in summer. Secondary ions such as sulfate,nitrate and ammonium accounted for the major part of the total ionic species.Sulfate was the most abundant species followed by nitrate.Overall,a regional pollution tendency was shown that there were higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in Guangzhou City than those in the other PRD cities.Significant seasonal variations were also observed with higher levels of species in winter but lower in summer.The Asian monsoon system was favorable for removal and diffusion of air pollutants in PRD in summer while highly loading of local industrial emissions tended to deteriorate the air quality as well.NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) ratio indicated that mobile sources have considerably contribution to the urban aerosol,and stationary sources should not be neglected. Besides the primary emissions,complex atmospheric reactions under favorable weather conditions should be paid more attention for the control of primary emission in the PRD region.     

Sludge concentration dynamic distribution and its impact on the performance of UNITANK

UNITANK is a biological wastewater treatment process that combines the advantages of traditional activated sludge process and sequencing batch reactor, which is divided into Tank A, B and C. In this study, the sludge distribution and its impact on performance of UNITANK were carried out in Liede Wastewater Plant （WWTP） of Guangzhou, China. Results showed that there was a strong affiliation between Tank A and B of the system in sludge concentration distribution. The initial sludge concentration in Tank A could present the sludge distribution of the whole system. The sludge distribution was mainly influenced by hydraulic condition. Unsteady sludge distribution had an impact on variations of substrates in reactors, especially in decisive reactor, and this could lead to failure of system. Settler could partially remove substrates such as COD and NO3-N, but there was adventure of sludge deterioration. The rational initial sludge concentration in Tank A should be 4000-6000 mg/L MLSS.     

华中地区吸收性气溶胶时空分布特征及类型研究

利用2005-2019年OMI-OMAERUV L2气溶胶数据集,研究了近15年华中地区吸收性气溶胶指数(UVAI)的时空分布特征和主导气溶胶类型,探究下垫面变化和人为及气象因素的影响.结果表明:①在时间分布上,华中地区UVAI的年际变化整体呈波动上升趋势;2005-2008年UVAI波动下降,20092013年逐年增...     

长江上游重庆段近20 a降水时空变化特征

全球气候变暖背景下,中国的降水分布日趋复杂,气象灾害造成的损失巨大。为满足防灾减灾与水资源管理的数据支撑需求,基于长江上游重庆段近20 a降水数据,利用线性回归、M-K非参数检验等方法,探究降水的时间变化趋势与空间分异特征。结果表明：近20 a重庆市年降水量在875.6—1348.2 mm。时间上,春、秋两季呈明显增多的趋势,其中3月最显著。降水在14 a时间尺度的周期过程线中波动最强,是第一主周期。空间分布上,呈西低东高的特点,在渝西和长江河谷地区降水相对偏少,主要受重庆地形的影响;渝西和渝东北地区秋季降水显著增多。研究结果可为长江流域旱涝灾害防治、水资源开发利用及经济社会可持续发展提供数据支撑,同时可为植被修复与生态廊道保障提供参考。     

Changes in the Population Phenetic Structure of the Lacebug Dictyla humuli (Fabr.) (Heteroptera,Tingidae) in the Usman' Forest (Voronezh Oblast) in 1999–2001

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

超塑性材料轴对称镦粗时的变形力计算

本文探讨了变分理论在超塑性成形方面的应用,建立了适合超塑性材料的变分理论的基本方程,并比超塑性材料轴对称镦粗为例验证了这些方程的正确性。     

南京市大气PM2.5时空分布特征与潜在源区贡献分析

对2017年南京市区7个自动空气质量监测点的PM_(2.5)质量浓度ρ(PM_(2.5))数据进行分析,采用克里金(Kringing)空间插值法、气流运动轨迹聚类、潜在源贡献因子法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT)探讨了四季大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))的时空分布特征和潜在来源。结果显示,四季大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))均值由高到低依次为冬季(65. 54μg/m~3)、春季(41. 70μg/m~3)、秋季(35. 18μg/m~3)和夏季(23. 56μg/m~3),秦淮区四季大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))均最高。春季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))易受黄海海岸和北方大陆性输送气流的影响,来自黄海方向的气流轨迹2贡献比例达51. 65%,对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))为50. 91μg/m~3;夏季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))主要受江苏、东部海洋和南部沿海城市输送气流的影响,其中源自江苏的气流轨迹1对南京大气PM_(2.5)贡献比例最大(33. 64%),气流轨迹对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))为35μg/m~3;秋季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))易受短距离的偏北气流影响,来自山西南部,河南中部、安徽中部的气流轨迹5对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))最高,出现概率(21. 11%)和贡献比例(27. 81%)均较高;冬季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))主要受北方大陆性输送气流影响,来自俄罗斯、蒙古国东部、河北北部、北京、天津、山东中部的长距离气流轨迹4对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))最高,达109. 8μg/m~3,其贡献比例为26. 86%。PSCF和CWT分析发现,安徽、山东、浙江与江苏交界和黄海海岸是影响南京市空气质量的主要潜在源区,此外,湖北、北京、天津以及渤海海岸也是南京大气PM_(2.5)的潜在源区。     

一个新型水稻不育突变体91FS受精卵发育的时间和空间表达

水稻 91FS是一个稳定遗传的籼粳型不育突变体 ,大约 2 5 %的受精卵能正常发育成胚 ,约 75 %的受精卵核仁不融合 ,受精卵不再分裂 ,导致不育和不结实 ,育性六代稳定遗传 ,受精卵致死时空位点发生在精细胞进入卵细胞完成受精作用后。开花前后 ,91FS、籼粳杂种可育材料 91FM和以 91FS为父本的杂种F1代的花药、颖壳、叶片和子房的可溶性蛋白质SDS PAGE和IEF/SDS PAGE分析表明 ,91FS、91FM和F1代的蛋白质谱带多代保持稳定 ,3个材料间蛋白质谱带的异同 ,既表明了它们在遗传和发育上的某些共同功能和相互关系 ,又表明不同品种、器官和组织在遗传和发育上的某些特异性 ;91FS的子房在开花 1～ 2天 ,具有一条Mr=15 8.5× 10 3 的特有蛋白带 ,结合 91FS受精卵发育的细胞学和胚胎学时空定位 ,表明它们极有可能与 91FS稳定遗传的受精卵发育的时间和空间表达有关 .图 4表 1参 16     

Changes in quality of groundwater with seasonal fluctuations: an example from Ghor Safi area, southern Dead Sea coastal aquifers, Jordan

Introduction The alluvial fan along the eastern and southern m argins of the D ead Sea (hereafter denoted D S) consists of fine to coarse-grained siliclastic sand and pebble-size gravel w ith thin intercalations of lam inated m arl of H olocene age (Pow e…