战场环境下装甲装备抢救技术综述

分析了信息化战场环境下装甲装备抢救的特点,论述了国内外装甲装备抢救技术的研究现状。归纳了装甲装备抢救技术的发展趋势,提出了发展和完善装甲装备抢救技术的建议,以适应未来信息化战争对装甲装备抢救的要求。     

武器装备运输环境适应性评估研究

武器装备在运输过程中,承受各种环境应力变化的危害。在分析武器装备运输承受的环境危害因素的基础上,提出了武器装备运输环境适应性评估指标体系,建立了武器装备运输环境适应性评估的模糊综合评判模型,主张采用专家打分法确定各项指标的权重。对具体的武器装备运输环境适应性进行了评估验证模型的有效性。     

军用特种装备表面涂层防腐蚀对策

在对特种装备生产厂家和使用部队进行调研的基础上,简述了特种装备表面涂层的腐蚀特点;对涂装材料提出了改进材料和使用新型材料的建议;对涂装工艺分别提出了完善前处理工艺、正确填刮腻并重视厚度的要求;同时还提出了改善储存条件、经常擦洗装备和及时修补涂层等维护保养方面的改进措施。     

沙漠环境特点及其对工程装备的影响

介绍了国内典型沙漠环境的特点,分析了其对工程装备的主要影响和危害,从装备论证、研制、设计定型和使用等全寿命周期提出了增强工程装备沙漠环境适应性所需要采取的措施。     

环境监测专用仪器环境技术认证路线初探

通过分析环境监测仪器环境技术评估的含义和目标,对比加拿大、美国以及我国目前有关环境技术评估的相关技术路线,结合环境监测仪器技术检测工作实践,建立适合我国国情的环境监测仪器环境技术评估管理体系,评估程序和相关规章制度,提出相关建议。     

轻烃回收装置大检修动火风险管控措施探讨

针对轻烃回收装置火灾爆炸事故大部分发生在维检修阶段的现象,通过结合生产实际,提出采用动火前施工工序确认制度,严控高风险点位,避免"立体交叉"动火作业等措施,杜绝经验主义和侥幸心理,最大限度避免动火作业着火爆炸事故的发生。文章介绍了轻烃回收装置的介质特点及主要工艺,分析了轻烃回收装置大检修基本流程及动火风险,提出控制动火施工安全风险的管理实践。     

基于氢火焰离子化检测仪响应因子的设备泄漏排放核算

氢火焰离子化检测仪(FID)是检测设备泄漏挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要仪器。通过变异系数分析了FID响应因子与FID型号、被测气体种类和被测气体浓度的关系,并进行了实例验证。分析结果表明,FID响应因子与各因素关联强度的排序为:被测气体种类FID型号被测气体浓度。响应因子应用实例的验证结果表明:对于芳烃重整装置145个接触甲苯、二甲苯两组分物料的泄漏设备,响应因子修正后的排放量计算值仅为修正前的18.68%;MTBE装置涉甲醇设备的甲醇排放量计算值修正后为修正前的3倍左右。在此基础上,就设备泄漏VOCs污染源,提出通过响应因子实现排放量精细化核算的建议。     

湿热试验设备改造实践研究

湿热试验箱的正常工作的首要条件就是稳定的供水。当前使用的湿热试验箱,由于加湿用水直接采自于市政用水,锅炉水垢一直是影响温湿度试验设备正常运行的一大难题。在日常工作中,为了排除锅炉水垢,尝试了各种办法,实践中发现离子交换方法最为方便,因此通过改造现有试验箱水路结构,以压力引流方式,加入水处理装置,通过水路管道和开关引导加湿用水经过p H调节、过滤、防护、检测仪表、加压等装置,最终进入湿热试验箱锅炉内部,提高进入锅炉的水质,有效解决锅炉水垢的问题。     

Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

The world’s waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) consumption has increased incredibly in recent decades, which have drawn much attention from the public. However, the major economic driving force for recycling of WEEE is the value of the metallic fractions (MFs). The non-metallic fractions (NMFs), which take up a large proportion of E-wastes, were treated by incineration or landfill in the past. NMFs from WEEE contain heavy metals, brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and other toxic and hazardous substances. Combustion as well as landfill may cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, research on resource reutilization and safe disposal of the NMFs from WEEE has a great significance from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Among the enormous variety of NMFs from WEEE, some of them are quite easy to recycle while others are difficult, such as plastics, glass and NMFs from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In this paper, we mainly focus on the intractable NMFs from WEEE. Methods and technologies of recycling the two types of NMFs from WEEE, plastics, glass are reviewed in this paper. For WEEE plastics, the pyrolysis technology has the lowest energy consumption and the pyrolysis oil could be obtained, but the containing of BFRs makes the pyrolysis recycling process problematic. Supercritical fluids (SCF) and gasification technology have a potentially smaller environmental impact than pyrolysis process, but the energy consumption is higher. With regard to WEEE glass, lead removing is requisite before the reutilization of the cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass, and the recycling of liquid crystal display (LCD) glass is economically viable for the containing of precious metals (indium and tin). However, the environmental assessment of the recycling process is essential and important before the industrialized production stage. For example, noise and dust should be evaluated during the glass cutting process. This study could contribute significantly to understanding the recycling methods of NMFs from WEEE and serve as guidance for the future technology research and development.     

基于模拟环境的特种车辆热平衡试验研究

对环境模拟试验室进行了技术改造,将设计指标设定为模拟环境温度-43℃,满足功率为400kW车辆的动态热平衡。在环境温度35～55℃时,环境模拟试验室制冷能力有了很大提高,采取适当的试验方法在环境模拟试验室中进行功率400kW以上车辆的热平衡试验,既可以满足国军标中规定的试验条件,又可以发现被试车辆研制过程中存在的问题,为工程设计人员提供了可靠的设计或改进依据。