关于生态补偿机制的若干思考——以富阳市为例

为了保护水源区生态环境和推进区域经济社会的可持续发展,需要建立和完善生态补偿制度。生态环境功能区规划的提出赋予了实施生态补偿全新的内涵,本文在评价富阳市现有生态补偿现状的基础上,依据富阳市生态环境功能区规划的新要求,提出了以公共补偿为主,互助补偿、市场补偿为辅的生态补偿机制架构,并探讨了生态补偿专项资金管理办法的制定。     

Evaluating the Impacts of Environmental Flow Alternatives on Reservoir and Recreational Operations Using System Dynamics Modeling

Providing environmental flows is increasingly a management obligation in many water resource systems. Evaluating the impacts of environmental flow alternatives on other water uses in a basin can be a challenge, especially when collaborating with stakeholders. We demonstrate the use of system dynamics (SD) modeling to assess the impacts of four environmental flow alternatives in the Rio Chama, New Mexico. The model was developed to examine impacts of each alternative on reservoir storage and releases, hydropower production and revenue, and whitewater boating access. We simulated each alternative within a stochastic framework in order to explicitly incorporate hydrologic uncertainty into the analyses. The environmental flow alternatives were developed at a collaborative workshop of geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology experts. Results from the model indicate that the proposed flow recommendations on the Rio Chama will generally decrease annual reservoir storage, increase median flows, and have minimal impacts on hydropower production and whitewater rafting on the system. The Rio Chama case study is a promising example of how SD modeling can be used in the early stages of environmental flow studies and why it is compatible with collaborative modeling.     

Transformative experiences for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita disaster volunteers

The massive destruction caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 provided an opportunity for many volunteers to be involved with disaster relief work. Exposure to devastation and personal trauma can have long‐lasting and sometimes detrimental effects on people providing help. This qualitative study explored the experience of volunteer relief workers who provided disaster relief services after the hurricanes. Three major themes emerged: emotional reactions that included feelings of shock, fatigue, anger and grief as well as sleep disturbances; frustration with leadership; and life‐changing personal transformation. Stress reactions were noted but appeared to be mitigated by feelings of compassion for the victims and personal satisfaction in being able to provide assistance. Suggestions are provided for further research.     

特种设备风险管理体系构建及关键问题探究

为加强特种设备风险管理,在遵循科学性、可操作性、全面性和可发展性4个原则的基础上,应用安全系统工程、风险工程学的基本原理,提出并构建包含风险监管体系、监测预警体系、应急管理体系和事后处置体系在内的特种设备风险管理体系。从组织机构、运行机制、法律规章、关键技术4个方面对特种设备风险管理所面临的关键问题进行探究。结果表明:所构建的特种设备风险管理体系,符合事物发生的内部规律和风险管理的基本要求,具有层次分明、目的明确等特点,为特种设备风险管理的开展提供有益的参考。     

成都地区集装箱内部温度-湿度条件研究

某些特殊货物对温度、湿度等环境条件有特殊的要求,特别是集装箱一般为密闭的箱体,其内部环境条件更加恶劣。成都地区具有高温高湿的气候特点,为了保证这些特殊货物在成都地区安全开展集装箱运输,作者在成都地区对集装箱内部温、湿度环境条件及其影响因素即大气环境温度进行了测试,最后运用统计分析方法建立了集装箱内部温度数学模型,得出了内部最恶劣温度范围,从而为特殊货物安全进箱提供理论依据。     

基于GIS组件的环境影响评价地图系统

论述了利用GIS组件开发环境影响评价专题地图应用软件的优点 ,对系统的总体构思及功能进行了详细的说明 ,设计了环境地理信息系统处理模块的软件界面 ,实现了GIS的基本功能 ;对于处理完成的专题地图 ,建立图片数据库应用软件进行保存 ,并通过数据库实现地图库中图片的删除、浏览及打印等功能。本应用软件可广泛应用于环境影响评价领域 ,并对深层次的GIS软件开发具有一定的借鉴作用     

水稻专用叶面营养液对水稻生长及其主要生理特性的影响

通过田间小区试验及大田示范的对比,研究了专用叶面营养液的适宜喷期及其对水稻的生理特性：根系活力、养分吸收、叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率等和产量的影响.研究结果表明：适宜喷期在植后7-10天,并喷施1次,效果最好.专用叶面营养液使水稻根系活力在分蘖盛期、灌浆期明显提高;显著提高分蘖盛期叶片及灌浆期剑叶的叶绿素含量,促进剑叶提高光合速率及水稻对N、P、K营养的吸收;增加水稻灌浆期剑叶蛋白质含量.水稻喷施叶面营养液在生理上发生显著变化,促进分蘖增加,有效穗增加,稻秆矮壮,通过增加水稻灌浆期叶片的光合能力而加速碳水化合物向穗部的输送,达到增加千粒重及产量的目的.     

建筑施工噪声污染投诉案件成因及防治对策

近年来,随着人们环境意识和对生活质量需求的提高,大中城市噪声问题投诉比例逐渐增高,其中主要投诉的是建筑施工噪声和噪声扰民问题。本文根据建筑施工特点,结合笔者从事执法工作的实践,对其投诉案件的成因及防治进行了比较系统的分析和讨论。     

高速公路货车事故成因及货车专用道分析

为减少货车对行车安全的影响,在充分考虑货车行驶理论、交通环境和驾驶员特征的基础上,就载重货车交通对高速公路运营安全的影响进行研究。其结果表明,不同车型之间的运行速度差异、超载、驾驶员不良交通行为及纵向间距不足等是造成货车交通事故的主要原因。通过分析货车事故与交通状况的关系,从工程技术可行性等角度提出了货车专用道的设计方法,以有效执行客货分行,提高高速公路运营安全水平。     

Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in peroxynitrite/Fe(Ⅲ) porphyrin system

The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolism. Through the comparison of three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins, we found that the peroxynitrite/T(p-Cl)PPFeCl system showed the highest catalytic efficiency in the metabolism of B[a]P. We analyzed the B[a]P metabolites produced from this system by RP-HPLC method and firstly identified the formation of nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes which are the special metabolites of B[a]P induced by peroxynitrite.