Impacts of Alternative Manure Application Rates on Texas Animal Feeding Operations: A Macro Level Analysis1

Abstract: An integrated economic and environmental modeling system was developed for evaluating agro‐environmental policies and practices implemented on large scales. The modeling system, the Comprehensive Economic and Environmental Optimization Tool‐Macro Modeling System (CEEOT‐MMS), integrates the Farm‐level Economic Model (FEM) and the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model, as well as national databases and clustering and aggregation algorithms. Using micro simulations of statistically derived representative farms and subsequent aggregation of farm‐level results, a wide range of agricultural best management practices can be investigated within CEEOT‐MMS. In the present study, CEEOT‐MMS was used to evaluate the economic and water quality impacts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) based manure application rates when implemented on all animal feeding operations in the State of Texas. Results of the study indicate that edge‐of‐field total P losses can be reduced by about 0.8 kg/ha/year or 14% when manure applications are calibrated to supply all of the recommended crop P requirements from manure total P sources only, when compared to manure applications at the recommended crop N agronomic rate. Corresponding economic impacts are projected to average a US$4,800 annual cost increase per farm. Results are also presented by ecological subregion, farm type, and farm size categories.     

苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥的毒性研究

通过改变苯酚的浓度,研究厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷比活性(SMA)、胞外多聚物(EPS)产生量和组分多糖、蛋白质以及辅酶F420的变化情况,以明确苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥的毒性作用影响,并采用红外光谱分析了不同浓度苯酚作用对EPS分子结构的影响.结果表明,苯酚浓度<100 mg/L时,对厌氧颗粒污泥的影响很小,污泥的产甲烷活性、辅...     

特种作业人员安全技术培训现状及对策

从特种作业人员安全技术培训工作的重要性出发，分析了当前企业在特种作业人员安全技术培训方面存在的主要问题，并提出了相应的对策，对搞好企业特种作业人员安全技术培训工作有重要的指导意义。     

《中国环境管理》期刊发展回顾与展望

《中国环境管理》自2015年编委会组建以来,坚持学术期刊的办刊定位,不断开拓出版资源,持续刊登高质量论文,办刊质量稳步提升。本文主要总结《中国环境管理》自编委会组建以来的办刊进展,分析期刊发展形势,重点阐述近几年提升办刊质量的主要做法和办刊思路,并对未来期刊发展提出思考和展望。《中国环境管理》作为一本行业性中文科技期刊,其办刊探索对于类似中文科技期刊的发展具有案例研究意义。     

林业企业特种作业人员安全技术培训方法的研究

对培训的内容和方法进行了深入的探讨。总结了林业企业特种作业人员安全技术培训工作的一些经验和教训,提出了林业企业特种作业人员安全技术培训工作中采取的措施和非常很有价值的建议。对同类企业的特种作业人员培训工作具有很好的指导和借鉴作用。     

军用特种装备表面涂层防腐蚀对策

在对特种装备生产厂家和使用部队进行调研的基础上,简述了特种装备表面涂层的腐蚀特点;对涂装材料提出了改进材料和使用新型材料的建议;对涂装工艺分别提出了完善前处理工艺、正确填刮腻并重视厚度的要求;同时还提出了改善储存条件、经常擦洗装备和及时修补涂层等维护保养方面的改进措施。     

Thermodynamics,economics and systems thinking: What role for air capture of CO2?

Air capture has recently been advanced by several parties as a solution to the problem of constraining – and ultimately reducing – atmospheric CO₂ in response to climate change. However, there are significant barriers pertaining to scale, energy needs and cost, which will hugely challenge the effectiveness and practicality of air capture. This paper examines the thermodynamics, energetics and economics and politics of air capture. These compare unfavourably with alternative approaches to atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction. An analysis is made of the energy cost of the one favoured DAC technology for which experimental results are available in the open literature – temperature/vacuum swing adsorption, and of one point source capture technology – oxyfiring of refinery FCCUs. We also examine the engineering effort required to implement atmospheric capture on a scale at which it could significantly reduce atmospheric levels of CO₂; and questions are addressed regarding its practicability and appropriateness. The analysis demonstrates that air capture remains at best a peripheral activity, at worst a distraction, until point sources of greenhouse gas emissions such as power stations, industrial flue gases, shale gas wellheads, anaerobic digestion plants and landfill sites have been completely decarbonised. When these and so many other unaddressed factors are affecting our global climate, the pursuit air capture, the ultimate “end-of-pipe” solution, is inappropriate.     

基于模拟环境的特种车辆热平衡试验研究

对环境模拟试验室进行了技术改造,将设计指标设定为模拟环境温度-43℃,满足功率为400kW车辆的动态热平衡。在环境温度35～55℃时,环境模拟试验室制冷能力有了很大提高,采取适当的试验方法在环境模拟试验室中进行功率400kW以上车辆的热平衡试验,既可以满足国军标中规定的试验条件,又可以发现被试车辆研制过程中存在的问题,为工程设计人员提供了可靠的设计或改进依据。     

机载导弹特殊环境分析

目的为避免由于设计阶段环境适应性要求涵盖范围的缩小造成使用风险,对机载导弹特殊环境进行分析。方法梳理机载导弹寿命期内除典型环境外的特殊气候、力学和综合应力环境,深入分析每项特殊环境产生的机理和应力特点,以及其对机载导弹功能、性能产生的不利影响和在这些特殊环境下使用的风险。结果在此基础上对机载导弹适应这些特殊环境需开展的工作进行了梳理,提出了综合解决方案。结论机载导弹研制中应尽快开展针对特殊环境的设计和试验验证工作。     

某异型结构振动夹具的设计及试验验证

目的完成某异型飞行器的振动夹具设计。方法对初步设计的夹具进行有限元模态仿真计算、传递均匀性仿真计算,结合仿真计算结果,有针对性地对夹具进行设计改进。经仿真计算,设计改进后夹具满足设计固有频率及均匀性要求。结果夹具固有频率的试验结果与仿真计算误差约为7%,均匀性也较吻合。结论验证了仿真计算结果的正确性、设计的合理性,该异型飞行器振动试验进一步验证了该夹具传递特性也较好。