Determination of the mechanism of photoinduced toxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, Co3O4 and TiO2) to E. coli bacteria

Cytotoxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles(MNPs)(ZnO,CuO,Co 3 O 4 and TiO 2)was investigated in Escherichia coli both under light and dark conditions.Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with spread plate counting and the LC 50 values were calculated.We determined the mechanism of toxicity via measurements of oxidative stress,reduced glutathione,lipid peroxidation,and metal ions.The overall ranking of the LC 50 values was in the order of ZnO < CuO < Co 3 O 4 < TiO 2 under dark condition and ZnO < CuO < TiO 2 < Co 3 O 4 under light condition.ZnO MNPs were the most toxic among the tested nanoparticles.Our results indicate depletion of reduced glutathione level and elevation of malondialdehyde level correlated with the increase in oxidative stress.Released metal ions were found to have partial effect on the toxicity of MNPs to E.coli.In summary,the dynamic interactions of multiple mechanisms lead to the toxicity of the tested MNPs to E.coli.     

土壤重金属污染现状调查与评价

土壤重金属通过发生溶解、沉淀、吸附、氧化等物理、化学一系列反应后,最终以多种形态存在于土壤中,在生物体内富集,或转化为毒性更大的甲基化合物。本文调查了部分矿区污染的基本情况和修复效果,提出了矿区重金属复合性污染产生的原因和亟待解决的问题。     

单偶氮染料AY17的光催化降解动力学及机制

为了研究水体环境中单偶氮染料酸性黄17(AY17)有效地去除方式及其可能的降解途径、转化和归趋等,实验首先探索了AY17在不同深度氧化体系中降解的可行性,研究发现其去除效率的大小按照UV/H_2O_2UV/Na_2S_2O_8≈UV/FeSO_4·7H_2OUV/KHSO_5UV/TiO_2排列.然后选取UV/TiO_2体系,研究了催化剂用量,反应温度,底物浓度以及溶液初始p H值等因素对其光催化降解动力学的影响,结果表明AY17的光催化降解遵循假一级动力学,其降解速率常数为0.011 2 min~(-1);当催化剂TiO_2用量为3 g·L~(-1)时其降解效果最好;高温有利于AY17的光催化降解,而随着底物浓度和溶液初始p H值的升高,其降解速率常数显著下降.最后利用GC/MS对AY17光催化降解中间产物进行了初步鉴定,研究发现在·OH等活性氧物种的作用下偶氮键的断裂、羟基自由基对芳香环上基团的取代以及吡唑环的裂解是其主要降解途径.     

水库水深变化对不同浮游微生物群落及网络互作关键种的影响

为揭示水库水深变化对不同浮游微生物类群多样性及生态网络的影响,于2021年在横山水库采集表层及深层水样,利用16S和18S rDNA分子标记进行高通量测序,探究水深变化对不同微生物类群群落结构、种间互作网络和关键种的影响机制.结果发现,横山水库表层(0.5 m)和深层(5 m)中细菌群落多样性(Richness、 Simpson、 Shannon和Pielou’s Evenness指数)均高于真核微生物群落.细菌群落在不同水深处的主要优势物种为变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门,其相对丰度在门水平上无明显差异;真核微生物群落在不同水深处群落组成基本相同,但其相对丰度差异较大,包括节肢动物门、纤毛门和淡色藻门等.此外,表层水体微生物网络的图密度、平均聚类系数等均高于深层,表明表层微生物物种间具有较强的关联性,能够较好地传递物质、能量和信息,且对外界变化的响应速度更快;细菌群落分子生态网络节点和边的数量、关键物种数目和种类均高于真核微生物群落,表明细菌群落网络规模更大,种间协同合作关系和网络连通性更强.不同水深处的细菌群落和真核微生物群落间相互作用皆以正相关为主导,两个类群在水库深层的负相关性均...     

Reproductive toxicity and underlying mechanisms of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endocrine disruptor commonly found in plastic products that has been associated with reproduction alterations, but the effect of DEHP on toxicity is still widely unknown. Using DEHP concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/L, we showed that DEHP reduced the reproductive capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans after 72 hr. of exposure. DEHP exposure reduced the reproductive capacity in terms of decreased brood sizes, egg hatchability (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L), and egg-laying rate (1 and 10 mg/L), and increased numbers of fertilized eggs in the uterus (1 and 10 mg/L). DEHP also caused damage to gonad development. DEHP decreased the total number of germline cells, and decreased the relative area of the gonad arm of all exposure groups, with worms in the 1 mg/L DEHP exposure group having the minimum gonad arm area. Additionally, DEHP caused a significant concentration‐dependent increase in the expression of unc-86. Autophagy and ROS contributed to the enhancement of DEHP toxicity in reducing reproductive capacity, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were activated as the antioxidant defense in this study. Hence, we found that DEHP has a dual effect on nematodes. Higher concentration (10 mg/L) DEHP can inhibit the expression of autophagy genes (atg-18, atg-7, bec-1, lgg-1 and unc-51), and lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) can promote the expression of autophagy genes. Our data highlight the potential environmental risk of DEHP in inducing reproductive toxicity toward the gonad development and reproductive capacity of environmental organisms.     

A critical review on the application of biochar in environmental pollution remediation: Role of persistent free radicals (PFRs)

Biochar as an emerging carbonaceous material has exhibited a great potential in environmental application for its perfect adsorption ability. However, there are abundant persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar, so the direct and indirect PFRs-mediated removal of organic and inorganic contaminants by biochar was widely reported. In order to comprehend deeply the formation of PFRs in biochar and their interactions with contaminants, this paper reviews the formation mechanisms of PFRs in biochar and the PFRs-mediated environmental applications of biochar in recent years. Finally, future challenges in this field are also proposed. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding on the emerging applications of biochar from the viewpoint of the catalytic role of PFRs.     

中国资源型城市转型对劳动力需求的影响

资源部门的自强机制导致城市人力资本集中于资源型产业,进而造成资源型城市中低技能劳动者增多,使新兴产业对当地劳动力需求下降。因此,资源型城市转型可能会导致城市面临失业问题。使用倾向得分匹配与双重差分结合的方法,探讨了《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划（2013—2020年）》对资源型城市劳动力需求的影响。为验证该影响的内在机制,分别根据教育水平和制造业占比对城市进行三重差分回归。结果显示：城市转型导致资源型城市劳动力需求下降6.9%;成熟型和衰退型城市的转型是导致需求下降的主要原因;检验发现,教育水平更高或制造业占比更高的城市受转型政策的影响更小,从而可以从侧面证明资源部门的自强机制使新兴产业对当地劳动力需求下降。     

资源型城市经济转型绩效特征与评价方法——基于东北地区的实证研究

资源型城市经济转型仍然是当前我国城市发展的重大问题。基于资源型城市经济转型核心内涵,采用平衡计分卡和关键绩效指标思想方法,概括出资源型城市经济转型的绩效特征,进而构建包括“资源依赖、经济水平、生态效率、社会福利、创新驱动”五方面关键特征的五维评价法,选择能够准确反映经济转型关键过程和结果的少数关键参数作为评价指标,运用脱钩分析、超效率数据包络分析、回归分析、耦合度模型、熵权法、典型相关分析等计量模型,使绩效评价结果与经济转型真实机制相一致。以东北地区7个典型煤炭城市作为案例,运用五维评价法对这些城市2003年以来的经济转型进行绩效评价。结果发现：从转型效果看,7个城市都初步实现了经济增长驱动力的转换,其中辽源的第二产业发展绩效较好,辽源和阜新的产业演替绩效较好;从转型质量看,生态效率均显著提升,其中辽源、阜新、双鸭山提升了经济相对发展水平,实证检验表明7个城市的经济转型中,改善经济对社会福利的支持力不够;从最终目标实现程度看,7个城市的科技和创新水平都严重不足,经济增长趋缓,都未能实现经济转型最终目标。     

Investigation of suitable precursors for manganese oxide catalysts in ethyl acetate oxidation

The control of ethyl acetate emissions from fermentation and extraction processes in the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance to the environment. We have developed three Mn₂O₃ catalysts by using different Mn precursors (MnCl₂, Mn(CH₃COO)₂, MnSO₄), named as Mn₂O₃-Cl, -Ac, -SO₄. The tested catalytic activity results showed a sequence with Mn precursors as: Mn₂O₃-Cl > Mn₂O₃-Ac > Mn₂O₃-SO₄. The Mn₂O₃-Cl catalyst reached a complete ethyl acetate conversion at 212℃ (75℃ lower than that of Mn₂O₃-SO₄), and this high activity 100% could be maintained high at 212℃ for at least 100 hr. The characterization data about the physical properties of catalysts did not show an obvious correlation between the structure and morphology of Mn₂O₃ catalysts and catalytic performance, neither was the surface area the determining factor for catalytic activity in the ethyl acetate oxidation. Here we firstly found there is a close linear relationship between the catalytic activity and the amount of lattice oxygen species in the ethyl acetate oxidation, indicating that lattice oxygen species were essential for excellent catalytic activity. Through H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) results, we found that the lowest initial reduction temperature over the Mn₂O₃-Cl had stronger oxygen mobility, thus more oxygen species participated in the oxidation reaction, resulting in the highest catalytic performance. With convenient preparation, high efficiency, and stability, Mn₂O₃ prepared with MnCl₂ will be a promising catalyst for removing ethyl acetate in practical application.     

A2/O-BCO系统中碳源类型对反硝化除磷及菌群结构的影响

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧-生物接触氧化(A²/O - BCO)工艺处理低碳氮(C/N)比污水, 考察单因素碳源(阶段Ⅰ: 乙酸钠; 阶段Ⅱ: 乙酸钠+丙酸钠; 阶段Ⅲ: 丙酸钠)对有机物去除以及同步脱氮除磷的影响, 并重点探究乙酸钠、丙酸钠混合碳源条件下内碳源(PHA、Gly)的转化利用以及反硝化除磷(DPR)机理, 同时通过高通量测序对比了不同阶段微生物菌群结构的演变规律.结果表明: 混合碳源提高了有机物、氮、磷的同步去除效率, 厌氧段内碳源转化量为226mg/h, 释磷量高达30.58mg/L, DPR效率稳定在90%以上; 批次试验表明反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)占聚磷菌(PAOs)的比例为72.42%, 基本实现了DPAOs的富集; 高通量测序结果表明混合碳源更有利于形成独特的OTUs菌群, PAOs(包括Accumulibacter和Acinetobacter)和DPAOs (包括Dechloromonas和Pseudomonas)总量高达29.13%(> 16.18%(阶段Ⅲ) > 14.34%(阶段Ⅰ)), 有效促进了碳源的高效利用以及反硝化除磷效率; BCO反应器中氨氧化菌(AOB, 包括Nitrosomonas和Nitrosomonadaceae)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB, 以Nitrospira为主)总量从3.89%(N1)增加到23.09%(N2)、37.23%(N3), 为反硝化除磷提供充足的电子受体; 此外, 建立了基于碳源高效利用的运行调控策略, 以期为A²/O - BCO工艺的推广应用提供理论参考.