全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3575篇 |
免费 | 366篇 |
国内免费 | 1290篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 539篇 |
废物处理 | 95篇 |
环保管理 | 392篇 |
综合类 | 2371篇 |
基础理论 | 819篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 527篇 |
评价与监测 | 111篇 |
社会与环境 | 296篇 |
灾害及防治 | 80篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 46篇 |
2022年 | 98篇 |
2021年 | 136篇 |
2020年 | 131篇 |
2019年 | 145篇 |
2018年 | 145篇 |
2017年 | 183篇 |
2016年 | 203篇 |
2015年 | 217篇 |
2014年 | 223篇 |
2013年 | 371篇 |
2012年 | 359篇 |
2011年 | 405篇 |
2010年 | 284篇 |
2009年 | 243篇 |
2008年 | 223篇 |
2007年 | 312篇 |
2006年 | 247篇 |
2005年 | 181篇 |
2004年 | 157篇 |
2003年 | 144篇 |
2002年 | 114篇 |
2001年 | 89篇 |
2000年 | 78篇 |
1999年 | 76篇 |
1998年 | 63篇 |
1997年 | 55篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 56篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5231条查询结果,搜索用时 578 毫秒
431.
The sustainability of large dams has been questioned on several grounds. One aspect that has been less explored is that the development of dams and reservoirs often enables agricultural expansion and urban growth, which in turn increase water consumption. As such, dam development influences, while being influenced by, the spatial and temporal distribution of both supply and demand of water resources. In this paper, we explore the interplay between large dams, patterns of population growth and agricultural expansion in the United States over the past two centuries. Based on a large-scale analysis of spatial and temporal trends, we identify three distinct phases, in which different processes dominated the interplay. Then, we focus on agricultural water use in the Southwest region (Arizona, California and Nevada) and explore chicken-and-egg dynamics where water supply partly meets and partly fuels water demand. Lastly, we show that the legacy of dams in the United States consists of a lock-in condition characterized by high levels of water consumption, especially in the Southwest, which leads to severe water crises and groundwater overexploitation when droughts occur. 相似文献
432.
K.M.S. Sundaram A. Sundaram B.D. Hammock 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):999-1052
Abstract A commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (BTK), Foray® 48B, was sprayed aerially over four blocks B13, B14, B15A and B15B in an oak forest in Wayne County, Pennsylvania during May 1990. B13 and B14 were sprayed at 75 billion international units (BIU) in 5.91 litres/ha and the other two at 50 BIU in 3.94 litres/ha. Oak foliage was collected at different intervals of time after treatment. Three types of bioassays were conducted against fourth instar gypsy moth larvae, viz., direct feeding of sprayed foliage, feeding on diet containing homogenized foliage, and force‐feeding of foliar extracts. Larval mortalities were converted into international units of BTK activity per unit area (IU/cm2) of foliage. Foliar extracts were also subjected to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the concentration of delta‐endotoxin protein. Regardless of the type of bioassay used, bioactivity of BTK persisted in foliage for about a week in all the blocks. The half‐life of inactivation, DT50, ranged from ca 12 to 22 h. The immunoassay data indicated a shorter duration of persistence (i.e., about 2 d) of the delta‐endotoxin protein, with DT50 values ranging from 10 to 15 h. Formulation ingredients present in Foray 48B played a role in the toxicity of BTK to gypsy moth larvae. 相似文献
433.
Paul E. Spector 《组织行为杂志》2012,33(2):151-152
This paper introduces a Journal of Organizational Behavior point/counterpoint exchange (this issue) that focuses on the appropriate level of aggregation primarily in the assessment of personality in general and core self‐evaluations (CSE) in particular. Gilad Chen reviews arguments for and against the higher‐order construct of CSE, offering a number of recommendations for strengthening it. Timothy Judge and John Kammeyer‐Mueller offer a defense of CSE, and then extend the discussion to the measurement of other constructs beyond the personality domain. Together these two papers provide important insights about the appropriate level of aggregation of individual measures, and situations in which higher‐order versus lower‐order measures might be preferred. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
434.
435.
Peter H. May 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2008,6(3)
The recent accelerated growth rates or efforts to emulate countries that have achieved a rapid pace of economic growth are widely acclaimed as means to uplift millions from poverty. In so doing, however, this rapid economic growth is most likely to coincide with unsustainable levels of consumption, place excessive pressure on life support systems and terrestrial sinks and foreshorten options for the future. Rather than pursuing the "Environmental Kuznets Curve" (EKC) hypothesis that higher income will bring with it the means to reduce the impacts of greater consumption, ecological economists assert that buying our way out of future scarcity with fast growth is indeed contradictory with sustainability. To better understand these contradictions and explore potential institutional innovations that may enable developing nations to better confront them (in effect, "tunneling under" the EKC), this article refers to recent experience in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Beginning with a brief comparative summary of major development and environmental indicators, pressures on resources and society in each of the BRICS are discussed, followed by identification of institutional and policy frameworks each country has evolved to confront the challenges of growth and sustainability. The article closes with general conclusions for further research and information sharing among developing nations. 相似文献
436.
437.
438.
Environmental conditions causing stress have a significant effect on the generative organs of Scotch pine. The parameters characterizing pine pollen are subject to significant interannual variations and are closely connected with weather and climatic conditions in the period of pollen formation. Airborne pollutants affect the quality of pine pollen, which is especially apparent in the years favorable for the formation of microspores. The ability of Scotch pine pollen to germinate and form pollen tubes in the regions with different technogenic loads proved to be significantly lower than in tree stands of the background areas. 相似文献
439.
Partha Dasgupta 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(1):5-11
In this lecture, I demonstrate how very different macroeconomic history begins to look if Nature is included as a capital
asset in production activities. The tentative conclusions I draw from the evidence are: (1) high population growth in the
world’s poorest regions (South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa) has been an obstacle to the achievement of sustainable economic
development there; relatedly, (2) when population growth is taken into account, the accumulation of manufactured capital,
knowledge, and human capital (health and education) has not compensated for the degradation of natural capital in South Asia
and sub-Saharan Africa and, in all probability, even in the UK and the US; (3) China is possibly an exception to (1) and (2).
This article is based on the Keynote Lecture delivered at the international symposium on “Sustainability in an Unequal World”,
held in Tokyo on November 24, 2006. The exposition relies on my book, Economics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007.
The author is the Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of St. John’s College,
Cambridge. 相似文献
440.
Duan Pingzhong 《China Population Resources and Environment》2008,18(5):27-33
In this study, an econometric model about population mobility and economic growth is used to show the unbalanced distribution of population mobility in different region was remarkably related to that of regional economic growth and the large number of movers had a significant influence on regional economic growth and developing disparity. On the basis of this study, we conclude that China's population mobility also had a significant influence on the structure and tendency of regional disparity, and the population mobility enlarged the regional disparity of the whole nation, the East, and the West since the reform, besides the Midst during 1978 to 1987. Furthermore, the population mobility accelerated the increase of regional disparity in the whole nation, the Midst, and the West, but at the same time, retarded that in the East in the period of 1996–2003. 相似文献