灾后重建土地利用规划环评重点内容解析与实证

在对四川汶川灾后重建土地利用规划环境影响评价区域与评价对象特征进行分析的基础上,对规划实施的主要资源环境制约因素进行了识别与分析,进而分析并确定了其评价要点;结合灾后重建土地规划环评实践工作,对评价重点内容与要点进行了初步应用。     

A TREE‐RING RECONSTRUCTION OF STREAMFLOW FOR THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE1

ABSTRACT: Water resource planning is based primarily on 20th century instrumental records of climate and streamflow. These records are limited in length to approximately 100 years, in the best cases, and can reflect only a portion of the range of natural variability. The instrumental record neither can be used to gage the unusualness of 20th Century extreme low flow events, nor does it allow the detection of low‐frequency variability that may underlie short‐term variations in flow. In this study, tree rings are used to reconstruct mean annual streamflow for Middle Boulder Creek in the Colorado Front Range, a semi‐arid region of rapid growth and development. The reconstruction is based on a stepwise regression equation that accounts for 70 percent of the variance in the instrumental record, and extends from 1703–1987. The reconstruction suggests that the instrumental record of streamflow for Middle Boulder Creek is not representative of flow in past centuries and that several low flow events in the 19th century were more persistent than any in the 20th century. The 1840s to early 1850s period of low flow is a particularly notable event and may have coincided with a period of low flow in the Upper Colorado River Basin.     

立体传质塔板在含硫污水汽提塔技改中的应用

采用新型高效立体传质塔板(CTST),对济南石化分公司的含硫污水汽提塔进行技术改造,在原塔外壳、降液管以及上部填料段等均不变的条件下,仅用CTST塔板替换原浮阀塔板,改造后处理能力由原来的100t/h提高到180t/h,净化水氨氮含量降低到50mg/L以下,实现了净化水的全部回用。     

Strategic planning for post-disaster temporary housing

Temporary housing programmes suffer from excessively high cost, late delivery, poor location, improper unit designs and other inherent issues. These issues can be attributed in part to a prevalence of ad hoc tactical planning, rather than pre-disaster strategic planning, for reconstruction undertaken by governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the chaotic post-disaster environment. An analysis of the process and outcomes from six case studies of temporary housing programmes after disasters in Turkey and Colombia in 1999, Japan in 1995, Greece in 1986, Mexico in 1985, and Italy in 1976 yields information about the extent to which strategic planning is employed in temporary housing programmes, as well as common issues in temporary housing. Based on an understanding of these common issues, this paper proposes a framework for strategic planning for temporary housing that identifies organisational designs and available resources for temporary housing before the disaster, but allows modifications to fit the specific post-disaster situation.     

满洲里市景观生态修复与重建

受到自然和人为因素的影响,满洲里市生态环境十分脆弱。其基本景观型包括城镇、水域、垦殖地和矿区景观。根据各类景观破坏的原因和现状,将产业生态学与流域生态学的原理相结合,提出重建、修复的措施或对策。     

夏季富营养化滆湖中沉水植物群落重建及水质净化效果

通过滆湖原位围隔试验分析了不同单种及混种沉水植物群落随环境变化的生长状况及对水质的净化效果.结果表明:(1)夏季,沉水植物生物量的平均值与透明度/水位存在显著线性相关性,进一步表明沉水植物的生长在很大程度上依赖于光强和水深.(2)各植物区(除马来眼子菜区外)的高锰酸盐指数、TN高于空白对照区.(3)对比空白对照区,苦草...     

青藏高原阶段性隆升对亚洲干旱半干旱区冬季粉尘循环的影响

粉尘是大气气溶胶的主要成分之一,对大气能量平衡起着关键作用。一般来讲,黄土高原（LP）粉尘主要来源于北方沙漠区,但有关中国东部及其周边地区粉尘来源的争论仍在继续。为此,本文对比分析了亚洲主要粉尘源区如中亚（CA）和中蒙（CM）粉尘循环对青藏高原阶段性隆升的响应,探讨了CA和CM粉尘排放对下游的贡献。利用美国大气研究中心（NCAR）最新发布的通用地球系统模式（CESM 1.0）,进行了改变青藏高原海拔高度为现在10%,20%,30%?…100%的9个数值试验。分析结果表明,随着青藏高原阶段性隆升中亚和中蒙干旱区冬季降水均线性减弱,与前人研究结果一致。青藏高原阶段性隆升阻塞西风环流使其减弱从而引起中亚粉尘释放减弱;而青藏高原阶段性隆升引起亚洲冬季风加强,促使中蒙粉尘释放加强,与中亚相反。模拟结果与地质记录对比进一步证实了中蒙粉尘源区对黄土高原、中国东部及临近区域粉尘沉降的贡献。     

北方城市干涸河流区域资源管理与环境整治模式——以滹沱河石家庄市区段生态恢复与重建模式为例

针对城市化进程中所导致的河流干涸、景观与生物多样性丧失、生态环境恶化等问题,研究了我国北方典型城干涸河流生态恢复与环境整治模式。借助遥感、GIS技术、环境监测等手段,对研究区域--滹沱河石家庄市区段的生态环境现状进行了调查与分析,提出了“以绿代水”的生态-恢复与重建模式。在对河流进行生态输水、水资源合理管理与调度的同时,选择适宜的研究尺度,提出了恢复流域内自然植被的“绿色滹沱”模式,即:河道中心区--乡土草本滞洪补潜;缓冲区----灌木束水导流、杨柳护堤造岸;过渡区-林果防风固沙。最后,还提出了滹沱河区域环境与资源管--理的建议。论文为城市干涸河流的生态环境整治与区域资源管理提出了新的理念和途径。     

Turbosorp湍流吸收循环流化床烟气脱硫技术在改造工程中的应用

循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫技术是目前世界上主流脱硫工艺技术之一,主要适用于大中型燃煤电厂的烟气脱硫,在国内外拥有大量成功运行的工程案例。本文章基于本公司实践论述Turbosorp湍流吸收循环流化床脱硫技术的技术特点、关键工艺控制要点以及在机组改造工程中的技术优势,为同类型机组改造工程中的方案选择提供参考。     

青藏高原北部库赛湖沉积柱中长链烯酮的分布特征及古环境意义

长链烯酮不饱和度指标U37K或U37K′已被广泛应用于古海洋表层水温的重建,但用于恢复湖泊古温度的研究则相对很少。本文以青藏高原北部咸水湖泊库赛湖作为研究对象,对湖心一个5m沉积柱中的长链烯酮进行了测定分析,并通过分子生物学手段确定了其母源。结果表明该沉积柱的大部分层位存在长链烯酮,其C37/C38<1;DNA测序结果表明库赛湖中的定鞭藻为Isochrysis属,为长链烯酮的母源。根据已发表文献中的湖泊环境中长链烯酮不饱和度指标U37K与温度的经验公式估算出的古湖水温度接近于实测的现代夏季水温,且与甘油二烷基甘油四醚(Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers,GDGT)重建的库赛湖古湖水温度范围基本一致。但是,用长链烯酮恢复的古湖水温度总体上稍高于由GDGT计算出的温度且波动更为强烈,这可能与这两种脂类的母源生物在湖中的栖息层位不同有关。