Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

失活甲醇催化剂用于脱除硫化氢的研究

本文研究了失活甲醇催化剂用于脱除硫化氢的试验。结果表明,失活甲醇催化剂具有较好的脱硫性能,其重量硫容在室温和６２３Ｋ时稍低于工业氧化锌脱硫剂,在４２３Ｋ－５２３Ｋ的温度范围内则大于工业氧化锌脱硫剂,其体积硫容在室温下大于工业氧化锌脱硫剂,失活甲醇催化剂的工作硫容随着的升高而增长,而且在低反应空速时或者经过还原后具有更大的硫容。     

废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理

研究了废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理工艺。实验结果表明:经质量浓度30 g/L NaCl溶液浸泡9.0 h可实现电池放电,残余电压在0.5 V以下;在60℃恒温水浴振荡、NaOH质量浓度40 g/L、废锂电池质量与NaOH溶液体积的比为15 g/L的优化条件下,集流体完全与活性物质分离,回收得到的黑色粉末为LiCoO2活性材料,未见铝杂质的特征峰;通过硫酸中和的方法回收碱浸溶液中的铝,当体系pH为10.0时,可获得最大量的Al(OH)3沉淀,沉淀物颗粒表面光滑,粒径大小不一。     

N-methylcarbamate pesticides and their phenolic degradation products: hydrolytic decay,sequestration and metal complexation studies

We report on the rates of decomposition of a group of N-methylcarbamate (NMC) pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran and propoxur) under pre-determined tropical field conditions. Rates of decomposition for three NMCs were determined at pH 7.08 and T?=?20?°C and pH 7.70 and T = 33?°C respectively, as follows: carbaryl (78?days and 69?days); carbofuran (143?days and 83?days) and propoxur (116?days and 79?days). Investigation on methods for removal of NMCs and their phenolic decomposition products shows that activated charcoal outperforms zeolite, alumina, diatomaceous earth, cellulose and montmorillonite clay in the removal of both NMCs and phenols from aqueous solution. Furthermore, metal complexation studies on the NMCs and phenols showed that Fe (III) forms a complex with isopropoxyphenol (IPP) within which the Fe:IPP ratio is 1:3, indicative of the formation of a metal chelate complex with the formula Fe(IPP)₃.     

失效锂离子电池材料真空热处理及氨性浸出

研究了失效锂离子电池中塑料、电极隔膜等有机物的真空脱除,并以电池级纯钴酸锂(LiCoO2)为原料,与活性炭粉混合,在真空中进行热还原,还原产物用含NH3和NH4HCO3的氨性水溶液浸出。实验结果表明,当加热温度大于450℃,真空压力<400 Pa时,失效锂离子电池中有机挥发物基本被脱除。在400℃真空温度下纯LiCoO2不被炭粉还原;当还原温度达到600℃,LiCoO2转变为CoO、Co和Li2CO3;在800℃时,还原产物主要为六方相、立方相金属钴及少量的CoO。还原产物中的钴易于被氨性水溶液浸出,浸出3 h后,钴基本进入溶液中,锂的浸出率也达到97%以上。     

酸碱联合调节剩余污泥过程中氮、磷和有机质的释放

实现城市污泥的减量化和资源化是污水厂面临的难题之一。通过采用(1)先酸性(pH=3)后碱性(pH=10)、(2)先碱性(pH=10)后酸性(pH=3)的两段控制方式(每段反应8 d),同时做pH不调的对比实验,研究剩余污泥水解酸化过程中氨氮、磷酸盐和溶解性COD(SCOD)、碳水化合物、蛋白质和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)等有机质组分的释放。结果表明,酸碱联合调节有利于各组分的释放;氮和磷在酸性条件下的释放量大于碱性,有机质在碱性条件下的释放量大于酸性;采用(2)方式,调为酸性后反应1 d,氨氮的释放量即达到最大(17.28 mg/g TS);采用(1)的调节方式反应7 d,磷酸盐能达到最佳释放量(14.16 mg/g TS);总VFAs的产生受反应时间的影响较大,其余有机质组分在(2)的调节方式下,6 d左右即可达到较大释放量。     

pH对过一硫酸氢盐湿法氧化去除甲硫醇恶臭气体的影响

以过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)作为氧化剂,利用化学吸收氧化法去除甲硫醇(CH3SH)恶臭气体.研究了p H(2~13)对CH3SH吸收过程、PMS氧化降解CH3SH过程的影响.结果表明,PMS不同于H2O2,在p H小于CH3SH p Ka(10.3)的弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下,也可以有效去除CH3SH,而此时H2O2对CH3SH没有去除效果.可能的原因是,在弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下PMS或可能产生的活性物种在气液相界面直接快速氧化CH3SH分子.     

碱性蚀刻废液的再生回用与铜回收技术

介绍了一种革取技术,可在生产过程中处理印制线路板生产的碱性蚀刻废液,使之脱铜后再生,实现碱性蚀刻废液的循环使用;运用反革取技术使苹取剂复活循环使用;反革取提取到的硫酸铜经电解为电解铜,电解液可循环使用。     

低浓度有机磷萃取剂P204促进普通小球藻(Chlore11a vulgaris)生长的研究

本文以普通小球藻为实验对象,研究了有机磷萃取剂P204在低浓度（相似文献   

低品位氧化锌矿的碱法浸出研究进展

随着世界对锌的需求量的增加,碱法浸出低品位氧化锌矿因其显著的优点（浸出率达90%以上、环境污染小等）而成为国内外研究的热点。本文主要介绍了低品位氧化锌矿氢氧化钠浸出体系的动力学和热力学过程,氨浸体系中氯铵、碳铵、硫氨浸出的国内外各研究单位的最近研究成果,并对碱浸过程中矿石活化、闪锌矿难溶解两类问题进行了讨论。