pH对过一硫酸氢盐湿法氧化去除甲硫醇恶臭气体的影响

以过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)作为氧化剂,利用化学吸收氧化法去除甲硫醇(CH3SH)恶臭气体.研究了p H(2~13)对CH3SH吸收过程、PMS氧化降解CH3SH过程的影响.结果表明,PMS不同于H2O2,在p H小于CH3SH p Ka(10.3)的弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下,也可以有效去除CH3SH,而此时H2O2对CH3SH没有去除效果.可能的原因是,在弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下PMS或可能产生的活性物种在气液相界面直接快速氧化CH3SH分子.     

镀锌钢板废料中锌的碱浸过程影响因素分析

以强碱(NaOH)溶液为浸取剂,采用碱浸法回收镀锌钢板废料中的锌,考察了不同因素(反应温度、反应时间、碱浓度、添加剂)对锌浸出效果的影响,并对添加剂的作用机理进行了分析。实验结果表明:在NaOH质量浓度为250 g/L、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为300 min的最佳工艺条件下,锌的浸出率高达97.89%;添加NaNO_3可提高锌在碱液中的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流,从而加快镀锌钢板废料中锌的溶解,缩短反应时间;添加KMnO_4对反应速率基本无影响。     

废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理

研究了废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理工艺。实验结果表明:经质量浓度30 g/L NaCl溶液浸泡9.0 h可实现电池放电,残余电压在0.5 V以下;在60℃恒温水浴振荡、NaOH质量浓度40 g/L、废锂电池质量与NaOH溶液体积的比为15 g/L的优化条件下,集流体完全与活性物质分离,回收得到的黑色粉末为LiCoO2活性材料,未见铝杂质的特征峰;通过硫酸中和的方法回收碱浸溶液中的铝,当体系pH为10.0时,可获得最大量的Al(OH)3沉淀,沉淀物颗粒表面光滑,粒径大小不一。     

青藏高原降水化学研究

一般认为天然降雨呈弱酸性,但是观测显示青藏高原上拉萨及其它3个城市降水呈碱性,以重碳酸盐阳离子为主,污染物很少.通过对实测资料和试验结果的分析计算,认为地球上干旱和半干旱地区天然降水的应呈弱碱性,原因是大气中漂浮着碱性粉尘.     

碱性工业废水的治理技术

本文介绍了利用我国目前大量排放的印染、造纸等碱性工业废水进行中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫的技术。该技术投资少、运行费用低,具有较好的经济效益     

利用废泡沫塑料制备防水涂料

介绍了利用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备水乳型防水涂料的工艺流程、配方及其性能测试方法。     

糠醇生产中铜铬废触媒资源化研究

对已有的糠醇生产中产生的废渣回收工艺进行了改进。将糠醛液相加氢生产糠醇产生的废渣于 130℃真空蒸馏回收废渣中的有机混合物 ,经过精馏获得糠醇与糠醛 ;剩余的固体废触媒与纯碱混合 ,经反射炉焙烧、水浸取、掺加石灰除硅、过滤得到铬酸钠水溶液 ;剩下的粗氧化铜经碱溶除铬、溶于硝酸得到硝酸铜溶液 ;将铬酸钠溶液、硝酸铜溶液按一定比例混合 ,加氨水搅拌 ,分离出的沉淀经传统方法焙烧活化、造粒制得新催化剂 ,回用于糠醛液相加氢生产糠醇。有机物、铬组分和铜组分的回收率均在 90 %以上     

Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

Degradation of Cellulosic Materials Under the Alkaline Conditions of a Cementitious Repository for Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste. II. Degradation Kinetics

The degradation of cellulosic materials, differing mainly in the degree of polymerization and the number of reducing end groups, was studied under the alkaline conditions similar to those existing in a cementitious repository for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (pH 13.3, T = 25°C). The kinetics of alkaline degradation (peeling-off reaction) were studied and the data analyzed by the model of Haas et al. [13]. The observed kinetic parameters for the propagation reaction and overall stopping reaction were compared with literature data. Although measured under different experimental conditions, literature data and data from this study show a consistent picture. Differences in the extent of degradation observed for the different cellulosic materials could be satisfactorily explained by differences in reducing end group content and, consequently, by differences in the degrees of polymerization. Besides the number of reducing end groups, the degree of amorphousness also plays an important role. The main degradation products formed under the experimental conditions used are - and -(gluco)isosaccharinic acid. This is in agreement with many other studies on alkaline degradation of cellulose. The two isomers are formed in roughly equal amounts.