Assessment of a process to degrade metal working fluids using Pseudomonas stutzeri CECT 930 and indigenous microbial consortia

The development of a novel biological process to treat metal working fluids (MWFs)-containing effluents at bioreactor scale was pursued in this work. The bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri CECT 930 was investigated for the first time as an alternative agent for MWF degradation. An adequate medium design and mixing and aeration system, as well as an appropriate microorganism proved to be crucial for reaching high levels of degradation by P. stutzeri and by an indigenous consortium (about 70% and 50% of reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon content in less than 2 wk, respectively). Additionally, as there is no information in literature trying to kinetically characterize an MWF-polluted effluent degradation process, all the experimental data were fitted to logistic and Luedeking and Piret models, that allowed to elucidate the growth-associated character of the biodegradation process.     

我国废炼油催化剂的产生量、危害及处理方法

根据我国每年的石油消费量估算了当年的废炼油催化剂产生量,预测2015年我国废炼油催化剂的产生量将达到2.07×105 t。介绍了废炼油催化剂的主要成分、含量与危害,分别论述了废流化催化裂化催化剂、废催化加氢催化剂和废催化重整催化剂的处理和利用方法,指出废炼油催化剂的再生及资源化和无害化应是未来的重点研究方向。     

蚀刻废液及其回收后生产的铜盐产品中PCDD/Fs含量水平及分布特征

通过高分辨气相色谱-高分辨磁质谱联用仪(HRGC-HRMS)测定了蚀刻废液及其回收利用后生产的铜盐产品中17种2,3,7,8取代PCDD/Fs的浓度.结果表明,蚀刻废液中PCDD/Fs浓度范围为0～3 460 pg·L-1,平均值为616 pg·L-1,毒性当量浓度WHO-TEQ范围为0～246 pg·L-1,平均值为42.9 pg·L-1;铜盐产品中PCDD/Fs浓度范围为1.08～24.6 ng·kg-1,平均值为8.83 ng·kg-1,毒性当量浓度WHO-TEQ范围为0.112～0.715 ng·kg-1,平均值为0.338 ng·kg-1.通过净化处理工艺可以除去蚀刻废液中大部分PCDD/Fs.在蚀刻废液生产的各级产品中,工业级产品中PCDD/Fs浓度高于饲料级与电镀级产品.各铜盐产品中PCDD/Fs具有相似的单体分布特征:①PCDFs的百分含量明显高于PCDDs;②除硫酸铜类产品中的2,3,7,8-TCDF外,单体的氯取代数越大,百分比含量越高.     

基于真空技术的废旧锌锰干电池干湿法综合处理技术

在机械分离废旧干电池外层金属分离技术基础上,提出了一种基于真空技术的干湿法废旧锌锰干电池综合处理工艺技术方法,它具有回收利用率高、能耗小、二次污染小、设备投资少的优点,利于中小城市乃至城镇对废旧干电池的处理与回收利用,具有较大的经济效益和社会效益。可供从事相关领域研究的技术人员参考。     

石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫系统处理废稀硫酸

采用石灰石-石膏法脱硫装置处理废稀硫酸.研究了石灰石浆液和废稀硫酸的不同投加顺序以及不同反应晶种(石膏浆液、石膏稀浆液)对所得石膏晶粒形态和抽滤物含水率的影响.试验结果表明:与废稀硫酸加入石灰石浆液的方式相比,石灰石浆液加入废稀硫酸的方式更利于石膏结晶,晶粒更大,所得石膏抽滤物含水率更低;以石膏浆液和石膏稀浆液作为反应...     

菌糠强化微生物降解石油污染土壤修复研究

采用菌糠协同高效石油烃降解菌Microbacterium.sp.Q2进行石油污染土壤修复试验研究,分别设置菌糠固定化微生物组（SIM）、菌糠-游离菌组（SMSB）、菌糠单独组（SMS）和对照组（CK）4组修复实验.考察不同处理方式下对石油污染土壤微生物数量、酶活性和石油烃降解效果的差异性并确定石油污染土壤的最佳修复方案.结果表明：不同修复方式下,SIM组的土壤呼吸强度、微生物数量及酶活性较其他组有明显提高,其对石油烃去除率分别比其他3组提高11.84%、22.15%、54.09%.土壤中脱氢酶活性以及微生物活性与石油烃降解率的相关性显著,此外菌糠固定化微生物对石油污染土壤修复具有生物强化和生物刺激协同的作用机制.     

微生物燃料电池浸取废旧锂电池的影响因素分析

将MFC的阴极还原能力应用于废旧锂电池正极材料LiCoO_2的还原浸取.构建了以弱酸中LiCoO_2作为化学阴极电子受体的双室MFC,探讨了MFC阴极浸取还原LiCoO_2的可行性,并研究了浸取还原过程中阴极液pH、离子强度、固液比等因素对MFC的产电性能与LiCoO_2浸取效果的影响.实验结果表明:MFC阴极还原LiCoO_2使得固相中Co(III)被还原为液相中Co(II)是可行的,MFC能够持续地输出电压,且MFC优于弱酸浸取效果.阴极液pH值越低,MFC的产电性能和LiCoO_2的浸取效果越明显,阴极液pH为1.0时,MFC的最大输出电压为600 m V,60 h时浸取率达到86.5%;随着阴极液中KCl浓度和固液比(S/L)的增加,MFC输出电压和浸取效率也越高;对影响MFC的影响因素分析讨论得出,阴极液pH值是LiCoO_2还原过程中重要影响因素,因此,在后续的实验设计中要重点考虑pH的影响.     

Effects of spent engine oil on the growth parameters, chlorophyll and protein levels of Amaranthus hybridus L.

The susceptibility of Amaranthus hybridus L. seedlings to spent engine oil was investigated in soil supplemented with concentrations of oil ranging from 1–5 percent v/w. Parameters considered were relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), whole plant height, leaf area, leaf number, chlorophyll and protein levels. A relationship was found to exist between the inhibitory effects and the treatment concentrations. After seventy days growth in the treated soils, the mean height and leaf area of plants in soils treated with 5 percent spent engine oil were 27.0±1.25 cm and 5.63±0.36 cm². These were significantly different (at p=0.05) from the respective values of 41.4±0.8 cm and 13.44±0.22 cm² for the control plants. Levels of total chlorophyll (per gram fresh weight of leaves) and protein (per gram dry weight of whole plant) were higher in the control plants compared with those grown in oil treated soil. Results obtained from the growth analysis showed the inhibitory effects of spent engine oil on Amaranthus hybridus L.     

铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块的处理

实验研究了铝电解工业的废渣——废旧阴极炭块的浮选处理。考查了浮选条件,以及不同捕收剂的浮选结果。     

液相法芒硝制碱中苛化废渣的利用

研究了用液相法芒硝制碱的苛化废渣制取轻质ＣａＣＯ３的工艺及用轻质ＣａＣＯ３填充母料对聚乙烯进行改性。试验结果表明,本研究所制取的轻质ＣａＣＯ３的质量符合ＧＢ４７９４－８４一级品规格,用其制成母料对低密度聚乙烯填充改性,不仅可消除苛化废渣对环境的污染,降低聚乙烯制品的生产成本,而且可在制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度降低不多的情况下,提高制品的硬度、弹性模量、热稳定性及耐蠕变性。