Assessing Habitat Quality for a Migratory Songbird Wintering in Natural and Agricultural Habitats

Abstract:  As tropical forests are cleared, a greater proportion of migratory songbirds are forced to winter in agricultural and disturbed habitats, which, if poorer in quality than natural forests, could contribute to population declines. We compared demographic indicators of habitat quality for a focal species, the American Redstart ( Setophaga ruticilla ), wintering in Jamaican citrus orchards and shade coffee plantations with those in four natural habitats: mangrove, coastal scrub, coastal palm, and dry limestone forests. Demographic measures of habitat quality included density, age and sex ratio, apparent survival, and changes in body mass. Measures of habitat quality for redstarts in citrus and coffee habitats were generally intermediate between the highest (mangrove) and lowest (dry limestone) measurements from natural habitats. The decline in mean body mass over the winter period was a strong predictor of annual survival rate among habitats, and we suggest that measures of body condition coupled with survival data provide the best measures of habitat quality for nonbreeding songbirds. Density, which is far easier to estimate, was correlated with these more labor-intensive measures, particularly in the late winter when food is likely most limiting. Thus, local density may be useful as an approximation of habitat quality for wintering migrant warblers. Our findings bolster those of previous studies based on bird abundance that suggest arboreal agricultural habitats in the tropics can be useful for the conservation of generalist, insectivorous birds, including many migratory passerines such as redstarts.     

工业废催化剂的回收利用与环境保护

大量工业废催化剂的丢弃，不仅是一种资源的浪费，而且对环境也会造成一定程度的污染，针对工业废催化剂的回收利用进行了探讨，着重介绍了几种工业废催化剂的综合回收技术。     

放射性废物管理的国际法制度——《乏燃料管理安全和放射性废物管理安全联合公约》的视角

放射性废物管理是当今世界面临的一个重要问题.本文试图从国际法的角度,联系可持续发展理论,对迄今为止有关放射性废物管理方面最重要的全球性公约--<乏燃料管理安全和放射性废物管理安全联合公约>进行介绍和分析,并在此基础上就完善国际放射性废物管理法律制度提出建议.     

Bioleaching of spent Ni-Cd batteries and phylogenetic analysis of an acidophilic strain in acidified sludge

Biohydrometallurgy is a novel method to recycle discarded batteries, in which sewage sludge is used as microorganisms and culture due to the presence of indigenous Thiobacilli. A two-step continuous flow leaching system consisting of an acidifying reactor and a leaching reactor was introduced to achieve the bioleaching of spent nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The acid supernatant produced in the acidifying reactor by the microorganisms with ferrous ions as the substrate was conducted into the leaching reactor to dissolve electrode materials. The efficiency of a batch treatment of batteries was examined. The results showed that the complete dissolution of two AA-sized Ni-Cd batteries with 0.6 L/d acid supernatant took about 30, 20, and 35 days for Ni, Cd, and Co, respectively. But the dissolution ability of the three metals was different. Cd and Co can be leached mostly for pH below 4.0 while the complete dissolution of Ni can be achieved for pH below 2.5. Meanwhile, a strain (named Thiooxidans. WL) accounting for the reduction of pH in the acidified sludge was isolated and sequenced. It was identified to be 100% similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain Tf-49 based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The relevant phylogenetic tree constructed indicates that the strain should be classified into genus Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

电解法降解化学镀镍废液COD的研究

采用电解法处理化学镀镍废液,考察了pH值、电流密度、温度、循环、电解时间等因素对镍离子回收率和COD去除率的影响,并重点研究了电解参数对化学镀镍废液中不同物质的COD降解效果的影响。结果表明,酸性条件有利于COD的降解,碱性条件有利于化学镀镍废液中镍的回收,当镍的回收率达到98.7%时,COD的去除率可达61.91%。     

废硅藻土在小城镇印染废水预处理中的应用

随着小城镇的发展,多种行业的企业不断引进,逐渐形成了城镇的多产业型格局。青岛地区周边村镇的印染企业较多,产生的废水色度较大,这对适合于村镇的土地处理法会产生很大的影响,为了保证土地处理系统的出水水质,需要对进入土地处理系统的印染废水进行一定的预处理。文章通过对啤酒厂用于过滤后的废硅藻土对印染废水的脱色实验,以期找到一种较经济的小城镇印染废水预处理方法,同时实现废物再利用。实验研究表明,废硅藻土仍有吸附能力,具有再利用价值。它对实验选取的5种染料废水脱色效率均在50%以上;对阳离子染料脱色效果达到90%,效果最佳。因此废硅藻土在部分印染废水处理中可以替代常规混凝剂,大大降低处理成本。可以预测废硅藻土在印染废水预处理中的应用有很大潜力。     

水泥窑共处置废白土的环境效益分析

以废白土为研究对象,应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置系统3个类别的环境影响[人类健康(HH)、生态系统质量(EQ)和资源(R)]进行研究和对比分析.结果表明,水泥窑共处置废白土有利于环境的可持续发展,焚烧炉处置对环境的影响较大.水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置功能单位废白土的总环境负荷分别为-1.03,0.273Pt,前者的环境负荷比后者减少了477%,相应各指标的减少率为:HH 413%, EQ 479%, R 36.9%. EQ在2种处置方式的LCA中均为最敏感的影响指标.水泥窑系统中,避免了贡献率占97%以上的矿山开采阶段的环境影响,是降低整个系统环境影响的关键环节;焚烧炉系统中,电力消耗是造成环境破坏的重要阶段,对各影响指标都有很高的贡献率.二 、苯、重金属的排放是水泥窑共处置废白土的主要影响因子;粉尘和重金属排放对焚烧处置系统的影响较大.     

Organic acid profile and phenolic and sugar content in Salix purpurea × viminalis L. cultivated with different spent mushroom substrate and copper additions

The aim of the study was to determine the response of Salix purpurea?×?viminalis L. growing on Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate (SMS) with different copper (Cu) addition. The content of Cu in roots, leaves and shoots was reduced by SMS addition. A decrease of biomass was observed with simultaneous Cu concentration increase. SMS induced leaf and root elongation of Cu-treated plants. Variation in the profile of low molecular weight organic acids with the domination of oxalic and acetic acids was observed. The total phenolic content significantly increased for plants cultivated with SMS, while the biosynthesis of salicylic acid was considerably weakened. The content of sugars was generally reduced by SMS. Alteration in the level of the stress-related molecules suggests mitigation of the harmful effect of Cu on Salix hybrid metabolism by SMS addition. This pointed to the possibility of using SMS in contaminated soil to reduce the toxic effect of metals on plants used in phytoextraction.     

废裂化催化剂中镍去除的研究

本文采用浸取法,硫化氧化法,硫化氯化法工艺进行去除废裂化催化剂中镍的研究。并对各工艺的运行条件,去除效率及可行性进行了分析比较,为工业化再生利用废裂化催化剂提供了一科学依据。     

蚀刻废液中铜回收条件的选择及废液再利用

研究了中和法回收含铜蚀刻废液中的铜时pH值、温度及亚铜离子含量等因素对回收率的影响,给出了最佳沉淀工艺条件的选择方案。同时探讨了沉铜后母液中少量铜的回收方法及母液的再生利用方法。