Earthworms to assess the innocuousness of spent biomixtures employed for glyphosate degradation

In this study, the innocuousness of different biomixtures employed for glyphosate degradation was tested through Eisenia fetida earthworms. Eight biomixtures were prepared with local materials: alfalfa straw (AS), wheat stubble (WS), river waste (RW) and two different soils (A and B). Each biomixture was divided into two equal portions: one without glyphosate application (control substrate) and the other was sprayed with a commercial glyphosate formulation of 1,000 mg glyphosate a.i. kg^?1 biomixture (applied substrate). The bioassay started when all sprayed biomixtures reached high percentages of glyphosate degradation (spent biomixtures). Three parameters were studied: survival, adults and juveniles biomass and reproduction. The results allowed the identification of three biomixtures (AWS, BWS and BWSRW) for good maintenance and development of E. fetida. In addition, at the end of the bioassay two of the viable biomixtures (AWS and BWS) showed the highest performance of juvenile earthworms compared to a reference soil. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that the biomixtures containing high silt and clay percentages and minor density renders higher values of earthworm growth and reproduction. Therefore, these innocuous biomixtures can be used as organic amendments or recycled materials for new treatments on biobeds.     

蚀刻废液中铜回收条件的选择及废液再利用

研究了中和法回收含铜蚀刻废液中的铜时pH值、温度及亚铜离子含量等因素对回收率的影响,给出了最佳沉淀工艺条件的选择方案。同时探讨了沉铜后母液中少量铜的回收方法及母液的再生利用方法。     

乙烯废碱液的再生

开发了除油-苛化-脱硫组合技术处理乙烯废碱液工艺,考察了影响各级处理效果的主要因素.实验结果表明:经石英砂-聚丙烯腈纤维膜-强碱性阴离子交换树脂组合装置除油后,碱液中油类物质质量浓度小于2 mg/L,NaOH,Na_2CO_3,Na_2S等无机组分含量基本不变;经苛化-脱硫处理后碱液中Na_2CO_3和Na_2S质量浓度分别小于4 430 mg/L和4 480 mg/L;再生碱液的流体力学性质及对酸性气体的吸收性能均可满足乙烯裂解气碱洗要求.     

采用重选法处理蚀刻废液零排放资源化新工艺

阐述了广州市白云区南溪化工厂开发出的一套国内首创的对线路板蚀刻废液进行大规模集中资源化处理的零排放处理新工艺,这套新工艺采用重力分选的方法将在固相条件下生成的氧化铜分离出来,克服了原有工艺的缺陷,达到了理想的分离效果,使废液中所有的成分能够在较低的处理成本下全部分离回收,完全无三废排出,达到了清洁生产的要求。     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

废旧车用动力锂离子电池的回收利用现状

论述了废旧车用动力锂离子电池的国内外回收利用现状,并鼓励相关企业进行梯级利用,当废旧动力锂离子电池不再适合梯级利用时,则进行回收处理。基于废旧动力锂离子电池正极涂层中的有价金属回收机理,将回收工艺归纳为物理化学法、化学法和生物法三大类,概括了现阶段我国汽车动力锂离子电池回收存在的一些问题和发展趋势。总体看来,动力锂离子电池的回收利用不仅能带来巨大的环境效益,同时也能产生显著的经济和社会效益。     

除镍化学镀镍废液制成复合肥的芥菜肥效试验研究

盆栽试验施用两种由磷、氮含量较高的化学镀镍废液沉淀除镍之浓缩液制成的复合肥。结果表明,芥菜施用浓缩液复合肥后,肥效与对照的“过磷酸钙”复合肥无显著差异;与不施肥相比,由于芥菜幼苗耐肥性较差,在一定程度上抑制芥菜的前期生长,芥菜地上部干质量显著降低,但对提高土壤Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ含量仍有显著帮助。     

镍镉电池废镉极板制备碳酸镉的研究

针对镍镉电池生产过程中产生的废泡沫式镉极板 ,提出了一条“溶解 萃取 沉淀”法生产碳酸镉的工艺路线。试验探讨了H2 SO4 溶解活性材料、P2 0 4 萃取Cd、H2 SO4 反萃Cd、Na2 CO3 沉淀Cd的条件     

Chlorination of p-cymene by chlorine in carbon tetrachloride: Model compounds for environmental analyses

p-Cymene was chlorinated by chlorine in CCl₄. The products of the chlorination were separated by distillation and purified by preparative gas chromatography. The structures of chlorocompounds were confirmed by means of their NMR and mass spectra. The distillation gave as the main compounds: (2) 2-chloro-, (4) 2,3-dichloro-, (5) 2,5-dichloro-, (6) 2,3,6-trichloro-, (7) 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-cymenes and as by-products: (8) 2,5,7-trichloro-p-cymene, (9) 2,6-dichloro-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)benzene (cymenene), and (10) 2,3,6-trichloro-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)benzene (cymenene).