从废FCC催化剂和废汽车尾气净化催化剂中回收稀土的研究进展

以稀土元素(简称稀土)用量较大的废FCC催化剂和废汽车尾气净化催化剂为研究对象,分析总结了两类废催化剂中稀土的成分和回收方法。从废催化剂中回收稀土普遍采用先浸出、后分离提纯的方法。浸出普遍采用无机酸(多为盐酸),分离方法包括溶剂萃取法、化学沉淀法等,最后经焙烧得到稀土氧化物。为从废催化剂中高效回收稀土,可着重考察新浸出机制的引入、分离方式的选择、分离试剂的应用,以及浸出和分离条件的优化,从而为实现工业化回收提供技术支持。     

再谈废催化剂中金属的回收

介绍了含钯,钴,钼,钨的废催化剂的来源及从废催化剂中回收上述金属的工艺。     

催化湿式氧化处理碱渣废水的研究

以催化湿式氧化 (CWO)技术对碱渣废水进行治理 ,考察了各种反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明 ,在 2 30℃ ,6 6MPa ,空速 8h-1的反应条件下 ,CODCr的去除率 78% ,硫的去除率达到 99% ,BOD5/CODCr超过 0 8,并对CWO处理后的尾气进行了分析 ,表明除空气和CO2 以外没有其它有害气体。     

Lix54-100从印刷电路板蚀刻废液中回收铜

本文对Lix5 4 10 0萃取剂萃取铜氨料液中铜的性能做了研究 ,发现其具有动力学速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃容易及不萃氨等特点。并把其应用于印刷电路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收 ,在铜初始浓度为 15 6.96g/L ,相比为 2∶1条件下 ,用 80 %Lix5 4 10 0 -煤油经过三级错流萃取 ,铜的浓度可下降到 2 6.88g/L。三级总萃取率达 82 .87%。由此设计推荐了无废排放工艺流程 ,实现了经济效益和环境效益的统一     

A spatially explicit estimate of the prewhaling abundance of the endangered North Atlantic right whale

The North Atlantic right whale (NARW) (Eubalaena glacialis) is one of the world's most threatened whales. It came close to extinction after nearly a millennium of exploitation and currently persists as a population of only approximately 500 individuals. Setting appropriate conservation targets for this species requires an understanding of its historical population size, as a baseline for measuring levels of depletion and progress toward recovery. This is made difficult by the scarcity of records over this species’ long whaling history. We sought to estimate the preexploitation population size of the North Atlantic right whale and understand how this species was distributed across its range. We used a spatially explicit data set on historical catches of North Pacific right whales (NPRWs) (Eubalaena japonica) to model the relationship between right whale relative density and the environment during the summer feeding season. Assuming the 2 right whale species select similar environments, we projected this model to the North Atlantic to predict how the relative abundance of NARWs varied across their range. We calibrated these relative abundances with estimates of the NPRW total prewhaling population size to obtain high and low estimates for the overall NARW population size prior to exploitation. The model predicted 9,075–21,328 right whales in the North Atlantic. The current NARW population is thus <6% of the historical North Atlantic carrying capacity and has enormous potential for recovery. According to the model, in June–September NARWs concentrated in 2 main feeding areas: east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and in the Norwegian Sea. These 2 areas may become important in the future as feeding grounds and may already be used more regularly by this endangered species than is thought.     

Recycling of spent mushroom compost using earthworms Eisenia foetida and Eisenia andrei

A 90-day study conducted to explore the potential of epigeic earthworms Eisenia foetida and Eisenia andrei to transform the different types of agricultural wastes and spent mushroom compost into value-added product, i.e., vermicompost. Vermicomposting resulted in significant reduction in C:N ratio, pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, TK; and increase in total Kajeldahl nitrogen, TP, and various micro and macronutrients compared to those in the worm feed. Our trials demonstrated that the vermicomposting could be considered as an alternate technology for recycling and environmentally safe disposal/management of the mushroom cultivation complexes’ residues mixed with different types of agricultural waste using epigeic earthworms E. foetida and E. andrei.     

Epiphyte Biodiversity in the Coffee Agricultural Matrix: Canopy Stratification and Distance from Forest Fragments

Abstract: Quality of the agricultural matrix profoundly affects biodiversity and dispersal in agricultural areas. Vegetatively complex coffee agroecosystems maintain species richness at larger distances from the forest. Epiphytes colonize canopy trees and provide resources for birds and insects and thus effects of agricultural production on epiphytes may affect other species. We compared diversity, composition, and vertical stratification of epiphytes in a forest fragment and in two coffee farms differing in management intensity in southern Mexico. We also examined spatial distribution of epiphytes with respect to the forest fragment to examine quality of the two agricultural matrix types for epiphyte conservation. We sampled vascular epiphytes in a forest fragment, a shade polyculture farm, and a shade monoculture farm at 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m from the forest. Epiphyte and orchid richness was greater in the forest than in the monoculture but richness was similar in the forest and polyculture farm. Epiphyte species composition differed with habitat type, but not with distance from the forest. In the forest, epiphytes were distributed throughout tree canopies, but in the farms, epiphytes were primarily found on trunks and larger branches. Epiphyte richness and species similarity to forest species declined with distance from the forest fragment in the monoculture, but richness and similarity to forest species did not decline with distance from forest in the polyculture. This suggests polyculture coffee has greater conservation value. In contrast, monoculture coffee is likely a sink habitat for epiphytes dispersing from forests into coffee. Coffee farms differ from forests in terms of the habitat they provide and species composition, thus protecting forest fragments is essential for epiphyte conservation. Nonetheless, in agricultural landscapes, vegetatively complex coffee farms may contribute to conservation of epiphytes more than other agricultural land uses.     

待生滑阀异常关闭导致催化裂化装置停车事故分析

针对催化裂化装置待生滑阀突然关闭导致装置停车事故,通过对仪表及系统处理过程进行原因分析,总结了事故的经验教训及防范措施,指出了炼化企业大型设备不但要正确使用,更要精心维护保养,才能确保装置正常平稳运行防患于未然。     

碱性蚀刻废液处理方式的比较研究

碱性蚀刻废液是一种铜含量高、废液浓度较高的工业废水,对其回收利用具有较高的经济价值和环境效益。简要介绍、比较分析了碱性蚀刻废液实用的两种处理方式。在线方式可实现碱性蚀刻液再生和金属铜的回收,而线外方式可回收多种铜盐。从资源循环、环境效益角度分析,在线方式将具有广阔的应用前景。