碱性蚀刻废液的再生回用与铜回收技术

介绍了一种革取技术,可在生产过程中处理印制线路板生产的碱性蚀刻废液,使之脱铜后再生,实现碱性蚀刻废液的循环使用;运用反革取技术使苹取剂复活循环使用;反革取提取到的硫酸铜经电解为电解铜,电解液可循环使用。     

Sorption of hazardous metals from single and multi-element solutions by saltbush biomass in batch and continuous mode: interference of calcium and magnesium in batch mode

Batch studies were performed to determine the interference of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) on the sorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Pb(II), and Zn(II) [from CuSO(4), K(2)Cr(2)O(7), Pb(NO(3))(2), Cr(NO(3))(3), ZnCl(2), and Cd(NO(3))(2)] by saltbush (Atriplex canescens) biomass. The results demonstrated that Ca and Mg at concentrations of at least 20 times higher than the concentration of most of the target metals did not interfere with the metal binding. The data show that the batch binding capacity from a multimetal solution at pH 5.0 was (micromol/g) about 260 for Cr(III) and Pb, and about 117, 54, and 49 for Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively. The use of 0.1M HCl allowed the recovery of 85-100% of the bound Cu, Cr(III), and Pb, and more than 37% of the bound Cd and Zn. The column binding capacity for Pb was about 49 micromol/g from both the single and multimetal solutions, while it was, respectively about 35 and 23 micromol/g for Cr(III). The binding capacity for Cu and Zn from the single and multimetal column experiments was 35 micromol/g and less than 10 micromol/g, respectively. The stripping data from the single column experiment showed that 0.1M HCl allowed the recovery of all the bound Cu and Zn, 90% and 74% of the bound Pb and Cr(VI), respectively, and less than 25% of the bound Cd and Cr(III), while the stripping from the multimetal experiment showed that 0.1M HCl allowed the recovery of all the bound Cu and about 74%, 54%, 43%, and 40% of the bound Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr(III), respectively.     

水溶开采岩盐矿环境影响评价重点与污染防治措施探讨

随着科技进步和经济发展,地下卤水和岩盐矿床逐步得到开发利用,该类矿床开采引起的环境影响日益受到关注。本文在分析水溶开采岩盐矿钻探工艺和采输工程基础上,重点分析了岩盐矿水溶开采项目环境影响评价中的污染源及源强,着重阐述了重点污染源的环境影响。并针对特征环境影响因素提出了指导性的环境防护措施。     

Analytical solution to evaluate salt precipitation during CO2 injection in saline aquifers

Carbon dioxide sequestration in deep saline aquifers is a means of reducing anthropogenic atmospheric emissions of CO₂. Among various mechanisms, CO₂ can be trapped in saline aquifers by dissolution in the formation water. Vaporization of water occurs along with the dissolution of CO₂. Vaporization can cause salt precipitation, which reduces porosity and impairs permeability of the reservoir in the vicinity of the wellbore, and can lead to reduction in injectivity. The amount of salt precipitation and the region in which it occurs may be important in CO₂ storage operations if salt precipitation significantly reduces injectivity. Here we develop an analytical model, as a simple and efficient tool to predict the amount of salt precipitation over time and space. This model is particularly useful at high injection velocities, when viscous forces dominate.First, we develop a model which treats the vaporization of water and dissolution of CO₂ in radial geometry. Next, the model is used to predict salt precipitation. The combined model is then extended to evaluate the effect of salt precipitation on permeability in terms of a time-dependent skin factor. Finally, the analytical model is corroborated by application to a specific problem with an available numerical solution, where a close agreement between the solutions is observed. We use the results to examine the effect of assumptions and approximations made in the development of the analytical solution. For cases studied, salt saturation was a few percent. The loss in injectivity depends on the degree of reduction of formation permeability with increased salt saturation. For permeability-reduction models considered in this work, the loss in injectivity was not severe. However, one limitation of the model is that it neglects capillary and gravity forces, and these forces might increase salt precipitation at the bottom of formation particularly when injection rate is low.     

Effect of salt solution treatment on impurity removal: A case study on phosphogypsum

This study gives a brief demonstration of impurity removal efficiency upon salt solution treatment of phosphogypsum (PG). The experimental set up has been designed according to a multi-variable Box–Behnken Design (BBD) with stirring time, solid: liquid (PG:salt solution) ratio and temperature as the conducted in various salt solutions. PG sample has been treated with sea water, 5% NaCl and 10% NaCl solutions according to the BBD matrix. Fluoride (F), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) amounts in the PG sample have been measured upon pre- and post-treatment with salt solutions. Among other operating conditions, temperature has been the dominant factor on fluoride removal efficiency, and responses for the factors determined in the experiment runs indicated that a significant correlation could be established between temperature and fluoride removal, sea water being the most efficient salt solution. Higher copper, manganese, and nickel removal efficiencies have been observed in single salt NaCl solution systems however no significant correlation could be established between factors. Results indicate that pre-treatment of PG located near coastal regions with sea water can be a cost-effective approach and applicable on industrial scale when fluoride removal is of importance.     

铀胁迫对大豆与玉米幼苗细胞DNA损伤的彗星试验研究

以铀浓度为1000 μmol·L-1、800 μmol·L-1、600 μmol·L-1、400 μmol·L-1、200μmol·L-1和100μmol·L-1的6组铀溶液和对照组(0μmol·L-1)培养大豆和玉米幼苗,采用彗星试验研究铀胁迫对大豆和玉米幼苗细胞DNA的损伤情况.试验结果表明,铀浓度为1 000 μ...     

电镀槽行进挂件有害气体挥发控制方案与应用研究

电镀行业由于其生产工艺的特殊性,在生产过程中会产生大量的有毒有害气体,不仅对工人的身体健康造成威胁,而且造成了大气污染。根据污染物产生方式,电镀车间有害气体主要来源于槽内有害气体挥发及行车行进过程中由于挂件上粘附有浓度较高的槽液而产生的有害气体扩散两个方面。关于槽内有害气体的控制,目前主要采取局部排风的方法对其进行控制,而对于行车行进过程中所产生的有害气体的扩散问题,国内外鲜有这方面的研究。本文通过对电镀生产车间行车行进过程中所挥发的有害气体的种类、特点进行分析,提出了控制技术方案。并对某厂电镀生产车间硫酸盐挂镀锡生产线设计了一套随动式局部排风系统,采用吹吸式排风罩和可以实现垂直和水平方向运动的移动风管,从而达到同步控制有害气体的目的。     

How does a nature-based solution for flood control compare to a technical solution? Case study evidence from Belgium

The strategy of reconnecting rivers with their floodplains currently gains popularity because it not only harnesses natural capacities of floodplains but also increases social co-benefits and biodiversity. In this paper, we present an example of a successfully implemented nature-based solution (NBS) in the Dijle valley in the centre of Belgium. The research objective is to retrospectively assess cost and benefit differences between a technical solution (storm basins) and an alternative NBS, here the restoration of the alluvial floodplain. The method is a comparative social cost–benefit analysis. The case study analysis reveals similar flood security, lower costs, more ecosystem services benefits and higher biodiversity values associated with the NBS option in comparison to the technical alternative. However, the business case for working with NBS depends substantially on the spatial and socio-ecological context. Chances for successful NBS implementation increase in conditions of sufficient space to retain flood water, when flood water is of sufficient quality, and when economic activity and housing in the floodplain is limited.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s13280-021-01548-4).     

一种浮游植物快速浓缩及固定方法的可靠性分析

为验证一种浮游植物快速浓缩固定方法——滤膜浓缩法的可靠性,采用“鲁戈氏液固定沉降法”和“滤膜浓缩法”同时鉴定了不同浮游植物浓度梯度水样,并进行了对比分析,结果表明：鲁戈氏液固定沉降法与滤膜浓缩法整体上均鉴定出7门,32属,但不同梯度上滤膜浓缩法鉴定出的浮游植物种类较多.两种方法门水平上除裸藻门（P<0.05）外丰度均无明显差异（P>0.05）,属水平上相对丰度99%以内的浮游植物均无明显差异（P>0.05）,即无论是门还是属水平上,滤膜浓缩法对浮游植物丰度的鉴定是可行的.采用两种方法得到的不同梯度下藻密度拟合方程斜率差异较小（P>0.05）且相关性显著（R²=0.958,P<0.01）,但滤膜浓缩法鉴定出的浮游植物细胞密度更大.整体来看,滤膜浓缩法得到的藻类鉴定结果与鲁戈氏液固定沉降法基本一致.     

微波焙烧强化废锂离子电池中的金属回收研究

为进一步提高资源回收效率和降低能耗,围绕废锂离子电池正极材料中有价金属的资源回收问题,提出对废锂离子电池正极材料进行微波焙烧前处理以强化提高各有价金属的浸出效率.结果显示,在不同微波焙烧功率条件下均存在最优焙烧时间以获得最佳金属回收率.综合考虑工序、能耗、成本等因素,研究确定微波焙烧功率600W,焙烧时间6min为较优微波焙烧处理条件,以H₂SO₄+H₂O₂为浸出体系,固液比为20g/L,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为60min条件下,Li、Ni、Co、Mn的浸出率分别达96%、85%、76%、52%.微波焙烧对废锂离子电池正极材料中有价金属浸出效率的强化效应主要来源于以下三方面的共同作用：其一,金属颗粒在微波作用下放电产生瞬时高温;其二,在瞬时高温条件下部分金属发生还原反应转化为更易于浸出的化学形态;其三,包覆在物料颗粒表面的有机物得以高效去除,提高金属裸露程度.